life course

Question 1

what does the life course approach offer

Answer 1

stress importance of ages and stages of life and intergenerational context

recognises temporal aspect of health and ageing-humanises ill health as part of life process

focus on health and disease processes

emphasises primary interventions in addition to cure or palliation

Question 2

what else does life course approach offer

Answer 2

interdisciplinary especially social and psychosocial

shows progression cellular-organ-organism-pop.

Question 3

intro to life course

Answer 3

understanding pop. health and well being

views health as product of encountered determinants of health

links and timings of exposures and outcomes

exploration of interventions

Question 4

historical overview early 20th century

Answer 4

nature vs nurture debates for fitness of pop.

introduction of maternal and infant welfare

Question 5

historical overview post war

Answer 5

adult exposures for chronic disease such as smoking age doll and hill

Question 6

historical overview late 20th century

Answer 6

psychological, sociology, epidemiology

Question 7

current impetus(driving force)

Answer 7

empirical research, statistical methods, conceptual models

Question 8

critical period

Answer 8

limited period where exposure can have adverse or protective effects on development and outcome of disease
no excess risk associated with this exposure outside the period

Question 9

sensitive period

Answer 9

period where exposure has stringer effect on development and risk
weaker risk outside period

Question 10

accumulation model

Answer 10

life course exposures accumulate through illness and injury, environmental conditions and behaviours

Question 11

chain of risk model

Answer 11

sequence of linked exposures that raise risks

Question 12

problems with the model

Answer 12

confusing terminology

hard to disentangle critical period from accumulation models

Question 13

population trajectories

Answer 13

consider risk factors that determine development of function and risk factors that determine decline of function

Question 14

shift in thinking?

Answer 14

health being the ability to adapt to environmental challenges and a focus on healthy development and ageing

Question 15

intergenerational

Answer 15

effects on health and outcomes due to biological, environmental and social exposures across generations

Question 16

exposures distribution

Answer 16

can cluster and accumulate

Question 17

critiques of the life course

Answer 17

states obvious and can’t test for complex measurements, too individual focused, static conceptions of health and position

Question 18

life course methodology

Answer 18

collect exposure data

Question 19

positive influences of life course

Answer 19

good diet
active
education
stable job and income
quality housing and support network

Question 20

negative influences of life course

Answer 20

smoking
adverse childhood experiences 
crime
negative behaviours eg drugs
poor educational attainment
poor mental health