History of public health Flashcards
when was the 1st wave
1830-1900
when was 2nd wave
1890-1950
when was 3rd wave
1940-1980
when was 4th wave
1960-2000
what caused 1st wave
social disruption caused by industrial revolution, lead to increased, alcohol, crime and illegitimacy
what was leading theory in 1st wave
miasmic/ miasma - disease caused by bad air
what was chadwicks report
linked unsanitary living conditions to illness and disease
what changed in 1st wave
improved public works such as reservoirs and sewers, housing and working conditions
what caused 2nd wave
unfit recruits from boer war
theory in 2nd wave
sift from miasma to germ theory
2nd wave kochs postulate is what
4 factors leading to disease abundance in infected grown separately causes disease identical germ
what changed in 2nd wave
scientific rationalism, refinement and application
what changed in 3rd wave
political and state driven welfare state, appointment of MOH aneurin bevan, NHS, education, housing
3rd wave changing opinions on health
from absence of physical illness to ‘complete’ wellbeing
richard doll discover 1950
linked cancer to smoking
4th wave characterised by
post industrial society, healthcare interventions
4th wave backsteps
poor lifestyle choices causing risky behaviour (mainly young men)
4th wave on mental health
a focus on cause rather than support
4th wave improvements
specialised healthcare and healthcare interventions
what is public health
idea of collective effort to improve population health
the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging health, promoting heath through organised efforts of society
potential 5th wave
obesity, social inequalities in health, loss of wellbeing, may see a new human image not focused on greed and sex as no longer ensure survival
5sciences of public health
Epidemiology biostatistics environmental science management science behavioural/social science
how can health improvement be achieved
good housing, effective sanitation, moderate alcohol consumption, income above poverty line, safe working conditions, psychological security, better nutrition and the avoidance of drug abuse
3rd wave and 4th wave
infectious diseases no longer the major cause of premature mortality due to scientific advancements such as the development of antibiotics
What are some problems with a nanny state
taxation and legalisation to reduce risk can be portrayed as unjust government interactions in peoples lives
