determinants of health Flashcards
WHO health
state of complete physical mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease injury or infirmity
Health as a construct
very complex with several dimensions (eg: mental, social, spiritual) each dimension with positive and negative poles each measure subjective and objective (different for everyone)
Medical model of health
health being the absence of illness or disease (defined in terms of pathology)
Advantages of medical model
needed when clear disease present
disadvantages of medical model
Medicine can be imperialistic
physical disease usually comes with complex psycho social issues
lalonde report 1974
First modern gov. document acknowledging the need to look beyond traditional ‘sick’ care in order to improve public health
biopsychosocial model of health
biological- physical, genetic
*drugs
social- peers, family circumstances, school
*trauma, family relationships
psychological- self esteem, coping, social skills
*IQ, temperament
Maslows hierachy
biological/physiological — safety — belongingness/love — esteem — self actualisation
salutogenic models
salutogens promote positive health whereas pathogens cause disease
physical health/fitness composed off
physiological fitness, health related fitness (body composition strength etc) and skill related fitness (speed coordination etc)
mental health composed of
subjective wellbeing - positive emotions about past present and future
psychological wellbeing - positive functions ( growth, self respect, purpose )
Some keys to social health
integration, acceptance, contribution, actualisation, coherence
5 determinants of health
genes/biology health behaviours social environment/characteristics physical environment health services/medical care
examples of health determinants
child development, education, working conditions, support networks
social determinants
shaped by money, power and resources early development education work food money support
dahlgren and whitehead 1992
determinants of health
hereditary/age/sex — individual lifestyle — social and community — work/education/health care — socioeconomic/cultural/environmental
ER
health inequalities between countries and between populations within a country why?
generally- better educated have longer life expectancy and usually lower infant mortality rates
ER
why is a benefit for the government for the country to be in good health
allows social participation which can have positive impacts on the economy
ER
lower socioeconomic groups more exposed to negative determinants of health such as
alcohol, smoking, drug, nutrition, risky behaviours, life trauma
this can cause unexpected high mortality of those at a working age (eg Scotland)
ER
Uk and spatial polarisation
widening socioeconomic inequalities from 1970s as some areas got disproportionately richer other areas relatively more disadvantaged (man, liv, glas)
ER
liv, man, glas, why so worse off
places where there was massive industrial revolutionary led expansion then suffered when deindustrialization started and continued leading to poverty and deprivation
