determinants of health

Question 1

WHO health

Answer 1

state of complete physical mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease injury or infirmity

Question 2

Health as a construct

Answer 2

very complex with several dimensions (eg: mental, social, spiritual) each dimension with positive and negative poles each measure subjective and objective (different for everyone)

Question 3

Medical model of health

Answer 3

health being the absence of illness or disease (defined in terms of pathology)

Question 4

Advantages of medical model

Answer 4

needed when clear disease present

Question 5

disadvantages of medical model

Answer 5

Medicine can be imperialistic

physical disease usually comes with complex psycho social issues

Question 6

lalonde report 1974

Answer 6

First modern gov. document acknowledging the need to look beyond traditional ‘sick’ care in order to improve public health

Question 7

biopsychosocial model of health

Answer 7

biological- physical, genetic
*drugs
social- peers, family circumstances, school
*trauma, family relationships
psychological- self esteem, coping, social skills
*IQ, temperament

Question 8

Maslows hierachy

Answer 8

biological/physiological — safety — belongingness/love — esteem — self actualisation

Question 9

salutogenic models

Answer 9

salutogens promote positive health whereas pathogens cause disease

Question 10

physical health/fitness composed off

Answer 10

physiological fitness, health related fitness (body composition strength etc) and skill related fitness (speed coordination etc)

Question 11

mental health composed of

Answer 11

subjective wellbeing - positive emotions about past present and future

psychological wellbeing - positive functions ( growth, self respect, purpose )

Question 12

Some keys to social health

Answer 12

integration, acceptance, contribution, actualisation, coherence

Question 13

5 determinants of health

Answer 13

genes/biology
health behaviours
social environment/characteristics
physical environment
health services/medical care

Question 14

examples of health determinants

Answer 14

child development, education, working conditions, support networks

Question 15

social determinants

Answer 15

shaped by money, power and resources
early development
education
work
food
money
support

Question 16

dahlgren and whitehead 1992

Answer 16

determinants of health
hereditary/age/sex — individual lifestyle — social and community — work/education/health care — socioeconomic/cultural/environmental

Question 17

ER

health inequalities between countries and between populations within a country why?

Answer 17

generally- better educated have longer life expectancy and usually lower infant mortality rates

Question 18

ER

why is a benefit for the government for the country to be in good health

Answer 18

allows social participation which can have positive impacts on the economy

Question 19

ER

lower socioeconomic groups more exposed to negative determinants of health such as

Answer 19

alcohol, smoking, drug, nutrition, risky behaviours, life trauma
this can cause unexpected high mortality of those at a working age (eg Scotland)

Question 20

ER

Uk and spatial polarisation

Answer 20

widening socioeconomic inequalities from 1970s as some areas got disproportionately richer other areas relatively more disadvantaged (man, liv, glas)

Question 21

ER

liv, man, glas, why so worse off

Answer 21

places where there was massive industrial revolutionary led expansion then suffered when deindustrialization started and continued leading to poverty and deprivation