Life 52- Salt And Water Balance

Question 1

Aldosterone

Answer 1

A steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex of mammals. Promotes secretion of potassium and reabsorption of sodium in the kidney.

Question 2

Urea

Answer 2

A compound that is the main excreted form of nitrogen by many animals, including mammals.

Question 3

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 3

The portion of a renal rubule from where it reaches the renal cortex, just past the loop of Henle to where it joins a collecting duct.

Question 4

Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 4

An elaboration of the renal tubule, composed of podocytes, the surrounds and collects the filtrate from the glomerulus.

Question 5

Ureotelic

Answer 5

Pertaining to an organism in which the final product of h breakdown of nitrogen-containing compounds is urea.

Question 6

Protonephridium

Answer 6

The excretory organ of flatworms, made up of a tubule and a flame cell.

Question 7

Medulla

Answer 7

The inner, core region of an organism

Question 8

Urine

Answer 8

In vertebrates, the fluid product containing the toxic nitrogenous by-products of protein and amino acid metabolism.

Question 9

Metanephridia

Answer 9

The paired excretory organs of annelids

Question 10

Estivation

Answer 10

a state of dormancy and hypometabolism that occurs during the summer; usually a means of surviving drought and/or intense heat.

Question 11

Angiotensin

Answer 11

A peptide hormone that raises blood pressure by causing peripheral vessels to constrict. Also maintains glomerular filtration by constrictting efferent vessels and stimulates thirst and the release of aldosterone.

Question 12

Collecting duct

Answer 12

In vertebrates, a tubule receives urine produced in th nephrons of the kidney and delivers that fluid to the ureter for excretion.

Question 13

Renal

Answer 13

Relating to the kidneys

Question 14

Podocytes

Answer 14

Cells of Bowman’s capsule of the nephron that cover the capillaries of the glomerulus, forming filtration slits.

Question 15

Uricotelic

Answer 15

Pertaining to an organism in which the final product of the breakdoqn of nitrogen-containing compounds is uric acid.

Question 16

Excretion

Answer 16

Relese of metabolic wastes by an organism

Question 17

Countercurrent multiplier

Answer 17

The mechanism that increases the concentration of the interstitial fluid in the mammalian kidney through cuntercurrent flow in the loops of Henle and selective permeability and active transport of ions by segments of the loops of Henle.

Question 18

Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR=

Answer 18

The rate at which the blood is filtrated in the glomeruli of the kidney.

Question 19

Uric acid

Answer 19

A compound that serves as the main excreted form of nitrogen in some animals, particularly those which must conserve water, such as birds, insects and reptiles.

Question 20

Ureter

Answer 20

Long duct leading from the vertebrate kidney to the urinary bladde or the cloaca

Question 21

Urinary bladder

Answer 21

A structure in which urine is stored until it can be excreted to the outside of the body

Question 22

Urethra

Answer 22

In most mammals, the vanal through which urine is dischareged from the bladder and which serves as the genital duct in males.

Question 23

Malpighian tubule

Answer 23

A type of protonephridium found in insects

Question 24

Renal tubule

Answer 24

A structural unit of the kidney that collects filtrate from the blood, reabsorbs specific ions, nutrients, and water and returs them to the blood, and concentrates excess ions and waste products such as urea for excretion from the body

Question 25

Cortex

Answer 25

In animals, the outer tissue of certain organs

Question 26

Osmolarity

Answer 26

The concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution

Question 27

Loop of Henle

Answer 27

Long, hairpin loop of the mammalian renal tubule that runs from the cortex down into the medulla and back to the cortex; creates a concentraion gradient in the interstitial fluids in the medulla.

Question 28

Osmoconformer

Answer 28

An aquatic animal that equilibriates the osmolarity of its exracellular fluid that is the same as with that of the external environment.

Question 29

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Answer 29

A hormone released by the atrial muscle fibers of the heart when they are overly stretched, which decreases reabsorption of sodium by the kidney and thus blood volume

Question 30

Vasa Recta

Answer 30

Bloos vessels that parallel the loops of Henle and the collecting ducts in the renal medulla of the kidney

Question 31

Nephron

Answer 31

The funtional unit of the kidney, consistin of a structure for receiving a filtrate of blood and a tubule that reabsorbs selected parts of the filtrate

Question 32

Angiotensin

Answer 32

A peptide hormone that raises blood presure by causing peripheral vessels to constrict. Also maintains glomerular filtration by constricting efferent vessels and stimualtes thrist and the release of aldosterone

Question 33

Kidneys

Answer 33

A pair of excretory organs in vertebrates

Question 34

Ammonotelic

Answer 34

Pertaining to an organism in which the final product of breakdown of nirogen-containing compounds is ammonia

Question 35

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 35

The initial segment of a renal tubule, closest to the glomerulus.

Question 36

Glomerulud

Answer 36

Sites in the kidney where blood filtration takes place, consisting of a knot of capillaries served by afferent and efferet arterioles