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Bio910 D2 > Life 41- Hormones > Flashcards

Life 41- Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Calcitonin

A

Hormone produced by the thyroid gland; lower blood calcium and promotes bone formation

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2
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Four glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

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3
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

Clusters of hormone-producing cells in the pancreas.

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4
Q

Glucagon

A

Hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the circulation

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5
Q

Pheromone

A

A chemical substance used in communication between organisms of the same species

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6
Q

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

A

A releasing hormone produced by the hypothalamus that control the release of cortisol form the anterior pituitary

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7
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone synthesised in islet cells of the pancreas that promotes the conversion of glucose into the storage material, glycogen.

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8
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

A gonadotropin produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the gonads to produce sex hormones

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9
Q

Androgen

A

Any of the several male sex steroids (most notably testosterone)

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10
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

A substance produced in and released by a neutron that diffuses across a synapse and excites or inhibits another cell.

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11
Q

Cortisol

A

A corticosteroid that mediates stress response.

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12
Q

Fight-or-flight response.

A

A rapid physiological response to a sudden threat mediated by the hormone epinephrine

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13
Q

Enkephalins

A

Molecules in the mammalian brain act as neurotransmitters in pathways that control pain

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14
Q

Oxytocin

A

A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that promotes social bonding

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15
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

A hormone, produced by neurons in the hypothalamus and released from nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary, that promotes water reabsorption by the kidney.

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16
Q

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

A

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary release thyrotropin.

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17
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

The portion of the pituitary gland that is derived from neural tissue.

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18
Q

Epinephrine.

A

The “fight or flight” hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal gland; it also functions as a neurotransmitter

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19
Q

Norepinephrine.

A

A neurotransmitter found in the CNS and also at the postganglionic nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system.

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20
Q

Adrenal gland

A

An endocrine gland located near the kidneys of vertebrates, consisting of two glandular parts, the cortex and medulla.

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21
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

A hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that stimulates osteoclast activity and raises blood calcium levels.

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22
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

A gonadotropin produced by the anterior pituitary

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23
Q

Neurohormone

A

A chemical signal produced and released by neurons that subsequently acts as a hormone

24
Q

Tropic hormones

A

Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary that control the secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands

25
Q

Endorphins

A

Molecules in the mammalian brain act as neurotransmitters in pathways that control pain

26
Q

Paracrine

A

Pertaining to a chemical signal, such as a hormone, that acts locally, near the site of its secretion.

27
Q

Thyroxine

A

Hormone produced by the thyroid gland; controls many metabolic processes

28
Q

Growth hormone

A

A peptide hormone released by the anterior pituitary that stimulates many anabolic processes

29
Q

Estrogen

A

Any of several steroid sex hormones; produced chiefly by to ovaries in mammals

30
Q

Pineal gland

A

Gland located between the cerebral hemispheres that secretes melatonin

31
Q

Juvenile Hormone

A

In insects, a hormone maintaining larval growth and preventing maturation or pupation

32
Q

Upregulation

A

A process by which the abundance of receptors for a hormone increases when hormone secretion is suppressed

33
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

The portion of the vertebrate pituitary gland that derives from gut epithelium and produces tropic hormones

34
Q

Thyroid gland

A

A two-lobed gland in vertebrates. Produces the hormone thyroxin

35
Q

Target cell

A

A cell with the appropriate receptors to bind and respond to a particular hormone or other chemical mediator

36
Q

Progesterone

A

A female sex hormone that maintains pregnancy

37
Q

Melatonin

A

A hormone released by the pineal gland. Involved in photoperiodicity and circadian rhythm

38
Q

Thyrotropin

A

Hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroxine

39
Q

Aldosterone

A

A steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex of mammals. Promotes secretion of potassium and reabsorption of sodium in the kidney.

40
Q

Hypothalamus

A

The part of the Brian lying below the thalamus; it coordinates water balance, reproduction, temperature regulation and metabolism

41
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete gonadotropins.

42
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Steroid hormones produced and released by the cortex of that adrenal gland

43
Q

Gonad

A

An organ that produces gametes in animals: either an ovary (female) or testis (male)

44
Q

Photoperiodicity

A

Control of an organism’s physiological org behavioural responses by the length of the day or night

45
Q

Hormone

A

A chemical signal produced in minute amount at one site in a multicellular organism and transported to another site where it acts on target cells

46
Q

Endocrine gland

A

An aggregation of secretory cells that secretes hormone into the blood. The endocrine system consists of all endocrine cell and endocrine glands in the body that produce and release hormone. (Contrast with exocrine gland)

47
Q

Autocrine

A

A chemical signal that binds to and affect the cell that makes it

48
Q

Pituitary gland

A

A small gland attached to the base of the brain in vertebrates. It’s hormones control the activities of other glands. Also known as the hypophysis.

49
Q

Immunoassay

A

The use of antibodies to measure the concentration of an antigen in a sample

50
Q

Down regulation

A

A negative feedback process in which continuous high concentrations of a hormone can decrease the number of its receptors

51
Q

Pancreas

A

A gland located near the stomach of vertebrates that secretes digestive enzyme into the small intestine and releases insulin into the bloodstream.

52
Q

Gonadotropin

A

A type of trophic hormone that stimulates gonads

53
Q

Corticotropin

A

A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates cortisol release form the adrenal Cortex.

54
Q

Endocrine gland

A

An aggregation of secretory cells that secretes hormones into the blood

55
Q

Somatostatin

A

Peptide hormone made in the hypothalamus that inhibits the release of other hormones from the pituitary and intestine.

56
Q

Portal blood vessels

A

Blood vessels that begin and end in capillary beds.

Bio910 D2 (12 decks)

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