Life 41- Hormones Flashcards
Calcitonin
Hormone produced by the thyroid gland; lower blood calcium and promotes bone formation
Parathyroid glands
Four glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
Islets of Langerhans
Clusters of hormone-producing cells in the pancreas.
Glucagon
Hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the circulation
Pheromone
A chemical substance used in communication between organisms of the same species
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
A releasing hormone produced by the hypothalamus that control the release of cortisol form the anterior pituitary
Insulin
A hormone synthesised in islet cells of the pancreas that promotes the conversion of glucose into the storage material, glycogen.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
A gonadotropin produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the gonads to produce sex hormones
Androgen
Any of the several male sex steroids (most notably testosterone)
Neurotransmitter
A substance produced in and released by a neutron that diffuses across a synapse and excites or inhibits another cell.
Cortisol
A corticosteroid that mediates stress response.
Fight-or-flight response.
A rapid physiological response to a sudden threat mediated by the hormone epinephrine
Enkephalins
Molecules in the mammalian brain act as neurotransmitters in pathways that control pain
Oxytocin
A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that promotes social bonding
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
A hormone, produced by neurons in the hypothalamus and released from nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary, that promotes water reabsorption by the kidney.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary release thyrotropin.
Posterior Pituitary
The portion of the pituitary gland that is derived from neural tissue.
Epinephrine.
The “fight or flight” hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal gland; it also functions as a neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine.
A neurotransmitter found in the CNS and also at the postganglionic nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system.
Adrenal gland
An endocrine gland located near the kidneys of vertebrates, consisting of two glandular parts, the cortex and medulla.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
A hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that stimulates osteoclast activity and raises blood calcium levels.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A gonadotropin produced by the anterior pituitary
Neurohormone
A chemical signal produced and released by neurons that subsequently acts as a hormone
Tropic hormones
Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary that control the secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands
Endorphins
Molecules in the mammalian brain act as neurotransmitters in pathways that control pain
Paracrine
Pertaining to a chemical signal, such as a hormone, that acts locally, near the site of its secretion.
Thyroxine
Hormone produced by the thyroid gland; controls many metabolic processes
Growth hormone
A peptide hormone released by the anterior pituitary that stimulates many anabolic processes
Estrogen
Any of several steroid sex hormones; produced chiefly by to ovaries in mammals
Pineal gland
Gland located between the cerebral hemispheres that secretes melatonin
Juvenile Hormone
In insects, a hormone maintaining larval growth and preventing maturation or pupation
Upregulation
A process by which the abundance of receptors for a hormone increases when hormone secretion is suppressed
Anterior pituitary
The portion of the vertebrate pituitary gland that derives from gut epithelium and produces tropic hormones
Thyroid gland
A two-lobed gland in vertebrates. Produces the hormone thyroxin
Target cell
A cell with the appropriate receptors to bind and respond to a particular hormone or other chemical mediator
Progesterone
A female sex hormone that maintains pregnancy
Melatonin
A hormone released by the pineal gland. Involved in photoperiodicity and circadian rhythm
Thyrotropin
Hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroxine
Aldosterone
A steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex of mammals. Promotes secretion of potassium and reabsorption of sodium in the kidney.
Hypothalamus
The part of the Brian lying below the thalamus; it coordinates water balance, reproduction, temperature regulation and metabolism
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete gonadotropins.
Corticosteroids
Steroid hormones produced and released by the cortex of that adrenal gland
Gonad
An organ that produces gametes in animals: either an ovary (female) or testis (male)
Photoperiodicity
Control of an organism’s physiological org behavioural responses by the length of the day or night
Hormone
A chemical signal produced in minute amount at one site in a multicellular organism and transported to another site where it acts on target cells
Endocrine gland
An aggregation of secretory cells that secretes hormone into the blood. The endocrine system consists of all endocrine cell and endocrine glands in the body that produce and release hormone. (Contrast with exocrine gland)
Autocrine
A chemical signal that binds to and affect the cell that makes it
Pituitary gland
A small gland attached to the base of the brain in vertebrates. It’s hormones control the activities of other glands. Also known as the hypophysis.
Immunoassay
The use of antibodies to measure the concentration of an antigen in a sample
Down regulation
A negative feedback process in which continuous high concentrations of a hormone can decrease the number of its receptors
Pancreas
A gland located near the stomach of vertebrates that secretes digestive enzyme into the small intestine and releases insulin into the bloodstream.
Gonadotropin
A type of trophic hormone that stimulates gonads
Corticotropin
A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates cortisol release form the adrenal Cortex.
Endocrine gland
An aggregation of secretory cells that secretes hormones into the blood
Somatostatin
Peptide hormone made in the hypothalamus that inhibits the release of other hormones from the pituitary and intestine.
Portal blood vessels
Blood vessels that begin and end in capillary beds.
