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Bio910 D2 > Life 48- Musculoskeletal Systems > Flashcards

Life 48- Musculoskeletal Systems Flashcards

1
Q

T tubules

A

A system of tubules that runs throughout the cytoplasm of a muscle fibre, through which action potentials spread

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2
Q

Cancellous bone

A

A type of bone with numerous internal cavities that make it appear spongy, although it is rigid

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3
Q

Actin

A

A protein that makes up the cytoskeletal microfilaments in eukaryotic cells and is one of the two contractile proteins in muscle

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4
Q

Extensor

A

A muscle that extends an appendage

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5
Q

Ligament

A

A band of connective tissue linking two bones in a joint

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6
Q

Tropomyosin

A

One of the three protein components of an actin filament; controls the interactions of actin and myosin necessary for muscle contraction

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7
Q

Muscle fibre

A

A single muscle cell. In the case of skeletal muscle, a syncytial multinucleate cell.

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8
Q

Sliding filament theory

A

Mechanism of muscle contraction based on the formation and breaking cross ridges between actin and myosin filaments, causing the filaments to slide together.

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9
Q

Endoskeleton

A

An internal skeleton covered by other, soft body tissues.

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10
Q

Skeletal systems

A

Organ systems that provide rigid supports against which muscles can pull to create directed movements.

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11
Q

Tetanus

A

A state of sustained maximal muscular contraction caused by rapidly repeated stimulation.

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12
Q

Cartilage bone

A

A type of bone that begins its development as a cartilaginous structure resembling the future mature bone, then gradually hardens into mature bone.

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13
Q

Membranous bone

A

A type of bone that develops by forming on a scaffold of connective tissue

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14
Q

Bone

A

A rigid component of vertebrate skeletal systems that contains an extracellular matrix of insoluble calcium phosphate crystals as well as collagen fibres

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15
Q

Osteoclast

A

A cell that dissolves bone

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16
Q

Joint

A

In skeletal systems, a junction between two or more bones

17
Q

Osteoblast

A

A cell that lays down the protein matrix of bone.

18
Q

Motor unit

A

A motor neuron and the muscle fibres it controls

19
Q

Osteocyte

A

An osteoclast that has become enclosed in lacunae within the bone it has built

20
Q

Fast-twitch fibres

A

Skeletal muscle fibres that can generate high tension rapidly, but fatigue rapidly (“sprinter” fibres). Characterised by an abundance of enzymes of glycolysis

21
Q

Tendon

A

A collagen-containing band of tissue that connects a muscle with a bone.

22
Q

Myofibril

A

A polymeric unit of actin or myosin in a muscle

23
Q

Myoglobin

A

An oxygen-binding molecule found in muscle. Consists of a heme unit and a single globin chain; carries less oxygen than hemoglobin

24
Q

Sarcomere

A

The contractile unit of a skeletal muscle

25
Q

Hydrostatic skeleton

A

A fluid-filled body cavity that transfers forces from one part of the body to another when acted on by surrounding muscles

26
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Muscle tissue consisting of sheets of mononucleated cells innervated by the autonomic nervous system

27
Q

Myosin

A

One of the two contractile proteins of muscle

28
Q

Cartilage

A

In vertebrates, a though connective tissue found in joints, the outer ear, and elsewhere. Forms the entire skeleton in som animal groups.

29
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

A type of muscle tissue characterised by multinucleated cells containing highly ordered arrangements of actin and myosin microfilaments

30
Q

Compact bone

A

A type of bone with a solid, hard structure

31
Q

Troponin

A

One of the three components of an actin filament; binds to actin, tropomyosin, and Ca2+

32
Q

Titin

A

A protein that holds bundles of myosin filaments in a centred position within the sarcomeres of muscle cells. The largest protein in the human body.

33
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

The endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle cell

34
Q

Flexor

A

A muscle that flexes an appendage

35
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

The cytoplasm of a muscle cell

36
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

A type of muscle tissue that makes up, and is responsible for the beating of, the heart. Characterised by branching cells with single nuclei and a striated (striped) appearance.

37
Q

Slow-twitch fibres

A

Skeletal muscle fibres that generate tension slowly, but are resistant to fatigue (“marathon” fibres). They have abundant mitochondria, enzymes of aerobic metabolism, myoglobin, and blood supply.

38
Q

Twitch

A

A single unit of muscle contraction

39
Q

Haversian systems

A

Units of organisation in compact bone that reflect the action of intercommunicating osteoblasts.

Bio910 D2 (12 decks)

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