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Bio910 D2 > Life 43- Reproduction > Flashcards

Life 43- Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Block to polyspermy

A

Any of the several responses to entry of a sperm into an egg that prevent more than one sperm from entering the egg

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2
Q

Oviduct

A

In mammals, the tube serving to transport eggs to the uterus or to outside of the body

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3
Q

Spermatogonia

A

In animals, the diploid progeny of a germ cell in males

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4
Q

Secondary spermatocyte

A

One of the products of the first meiotic division of primary spermatocyte

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5
Q

Semen

A

The thick, whitish liquid produced by the male reproductive system in mammals, containing the sperm

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6
Q

Uterine cycle

A

In human females, the monthly cycle of event by which the endometrium is prepared for the arrival of blastocyst

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7
Q

Ovulation

A

Release of an egg from an ovary

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8
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

The tubules within the testes within which sperm production occurs.

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9
Q

Vitellius envelope

A

The inner, proteinaceous protective layer of a sea urchin egg

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10
Q

Contraception

A

The act of preventing Union of sperm and egg

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11
Q

Follicle

A

In female mammals, an immature egg surrounded by nutritive cells.

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12
Q

Zygote

A

The cell created by the Union of two gametes, in which the gamete nuclei are also found. The earliest stage of the diploid generation.

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13
Q

Hermaphroditism

A

The coexist ace of both female and male sex organs in the same organism

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14
Q

Vagina

A

In female animals, the entry’s to the reproductive tract.

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15
Q

Uterus

A

A specialised portion of the female reproductive tract in mammals that receives the fertilised egg and nurtures the embryo in its early development

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16
Q

Ovoviviparity

A

Pertaining to reproduction in which fertilised eggs develop and hatch within the mother’s body but are not attached to the mother by means of a placenta.

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17
Q

Testis

A

The male Gonad; the organ that produces the male gametes

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18
Q

Blastocyst

A

An early embryo formed by the first division of the fertilised egg (zygote). In mammals, a hollow ball of cells.

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19
Q

Gametogenesis

A

The specialised series of cellular division that leads to the production of gametes

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20
Q

Gonad

A

An organ that produces gametes in animals: either an ovary (female) or testis (male)

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21
Q

Copulation

A

Reproductive behaviour that results in a male depositing sperm in the reproductive tract of a female

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22
Q

Viviparity

A

Reproduction in which fertilisation of the egg and development of the embryo occur inside the mother’s body

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23
Q

Epididymis

A

Coiled tubules in the testes that store sperm and conduct sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens

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24
Q

Prostate gland

A

In male humans, surrounds the urethra at its junction with the vas deferens; supplies an acid-neutralising fluid to the semen.

25
Q

Primary spermatocyte

A

The diploid progeny of s spermatogonium; undergoes meiotic division

26
Q

Bulbourethral glands

A

Secretory structures of the human male reproductive system that produce a small volume of an alkaline, mucoid secretion that helps neutralise acidity in the urethra and lubricate it to facilitate the passage of semen.

27
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

Production of an organism from an unfertilised egg

28
Q

Fertilisation

A

Union of gametes. Also known as syngamy

29
Q

Zona pellucida

A

A jellylike substance that surrounds the mammalian ovum when it is release from the ovary.

30
Q

Endometrium

A

The epithelial lining of the uterus

31
Q

Ovarian cycle

A

In human females, the monthly cycle of events by which eggs and hormones are produced

32
Q

Spermatid

A

One of the products of the second meiotic division of a primary spermatocyte; four haploid cells, which remain connected by cytoplasmic bridges, are produced from each primary spermatocyte that enters meiosis.

33
Q

Polar body

A

A nonfunctional nucleus produced by meiosis during oogenisis

34
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Gametogenesis leading to the production of sperm.

35
Q

External fertilisation

A

The release of gametes into the environment; typical of aquatic animals. Also called spawning.

36
Q

Amniote egg

A

A shelled egg surrounding four extra embryonic membranes and embryo-nourishing yolk. This evolutionary adaptation permitted mammals and reptiles to live an reproduce in direr environments than can most amphibians.

37
Q

Cervix

A

The opening of the uterus into the vagina.

38
Q

Primary oocyte

A

The diploid progeny of an oogonium. In many species, it enters prophase of the first meiotic division, then remains in developmental arrest for a long time before resuming meiosis

39
Q

Acrosome

A

The structure at the forward tip of an animal sperm which is the first to fuse with the egg membrane and enter the egg cell.

40
Q

Placenta

A

The organ in female mammals that provides for the nourishment of the Cetus and elimination of the feral waste products.

41
Q

Glans penis

A

Sexually sensitive tissue at the tip of the penis.

42
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Cells in the seminiferous tubules that nature the developing sperm

43
Q

Sperm

A

The male gamete

44
Q

Dioecious

A

Pertaining to organisms in which the two sexes are “housed” in two different individuals, so that eggs and sperm are not produced in the same individuals.

45
Q

Germ cells

A

A reproductive cell or gamete of a multicellular organism

46
Q

Vas deferens

A

Duct that transfer sperm from epididymis to the urethra

47
Q

Urethra

A

In most mammals, the canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder and which serves as the genital duct in males.

48
Q

Monoecious

A

Pertaining to organisms in which both sexes are “housed” in a single individual that produces both eggs and sperm.

49
Q

Penis

A

An accessory sex organ of male animals that enables the male to deposit sperm in the female’s reproductive tract.

50
Q

Oviparity

A

Reproduction in which eggs are released by the female and development is external to the mothers body

51
Q

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs)

A

Any of several procedures that remove unfertilised eggs from the ovary, combine them with sperm outside the body, and then place fertilised eggs or egg-sperm mixtures in the appropriate location in a female’s reproductive tract for development.

52
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

A hormone secreted by the placenta that sustains the corpus luteum and helps maintain pregnancy.

53
Q

Regeneration

A

The development of a complete individual from a fragment of an organism.

54
Q

Scrotum

A

A sac of skin that encloses the testicles in male mammals.

55
Q

Internal fertilisation.

A

The release of sperm into the female reproductive tract; typical of most terrestrial animals.

56
Q

Estrus

A

The period of heat, or maximum sexual receptivity, in some female mammals. Ordinarily, the time of release of eggs in the female.

57
Q

Budding

A

Asexual reproduction in which a more or less complete new organism grows from the body of the parent organism, eventually detaching itself.

58
Q

Jelly coat.

A

The outer protective layer of a sea urchin egg, which triggers an acrosomal reaction in sperm.

59
Q

Ovary

A

Any female organ, in plants or animals, that produces an egg

Bio910 D2 (12 decks)

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