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Bio910 D2 > Life 50- Circulatory Systems. > Flashcards

Life 50- Circulatory Systems. Flashcards

1
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Blockage of an artery that carries blood to the heart muscle

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2
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Contraction of the two atria of the heart, followed by contraction of the two ventricles and then relaxation

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3
Q

Platelet

A

A membrane-bounded body without a nucleus, arising as a fragment of a cell in the bone marrow of mammals. Important to blood-clotting action.

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4
Q

Precapillary sphincter

A

A cuff of smooth muscle that can shut off the blood flow to a capillary bed

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5
Q

Aorta

A

The main trunk of the arteries leading to the systemic (as opposed to the pulmonary) circulation.

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6
Q

Erythrocyte

A

A red blood cell

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7
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A disease of the lining of the arteries characterised by fatty, cholesterol-rich deposits in the walls of the arteries

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8
Q

Lymph node

A

A specialised structure in the vessels of the lymphatic system that contains cells that encounter and respond to foreign cells and molecules in the extracellular fluid as it passes through the vessels.

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9
Q

Plaque

A

A region of arterial wall invaded by fibroblasts and fatty deposits

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10
Q

Purkinje fibres

A

Specialised hear muscle cells that conduct excitation throughout the ventricular muscle.

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11
Q

Open circulatory system

A

Circulatory system in which extracellular fluid leaves the vessels of the circulatory system, percolates between cells and through tissues, and then flow back into the circulatory system to be pumped out again

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12
Q

Capillaries

A

Very small tubes, especially the smallest blood-carrying vessels of animals between the termination of the arteries and the beginning of the veins; the site of exchange of materials between the blood and the interstitial fluid.

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13
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Circulatory system in which the circulating fluid is contained within a continuous system of vessels

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14
Q

Thrombus

A

A blood clot that forms within a blood vessel and remains attached to the wall of the vessel.

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15
Q

Bundle of His

A

Fibres of modified cardiac muscle that conduct action potentials from the atria to the ventricular muscle mass.

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16
Q

Baroreceptor

A

A pressure-sensing cell or rogan. Sometimes called a stress receptor.

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17
Q

Lymphatic system

A

A system of vessels that returns interstitial fluid to the blood.

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18
Q

Embolism

A

A blockage of a vessel resulting from a circulating blood clot

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19
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

A one-way valve between the right ventricle of the heart and the pulmonary artery that prevents back flow of blood into the ventricle when it relaxes.

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20
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

A graphic recording of electrical potentials from the heart.

21
Q

Ventricle

A

A muscular heart chamber that pumps blood through the lungs or through the body

22
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

The pacemaker of the mammalian heart.

23
Q

Artery

A

A muscular blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to other parts of the body

24
Q

Diastole

A

The portion of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle relaxes.

25
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Portion of the circulatory system by which oxygenated blood from the lungs or gills is distributed throughout the rest of the body and returned to the heart.

26
Q

Hypoxia

A

A deficiency of oxygen.

27
Q

Vein

A

A blood vessel that returns blood to the heart.

28
Q

Lymph

A

A fluid derived from blood and other tissues that accumulates in intercellular spaces throughout the body and is returned to the blood by the lymphatic system.

29
Q

Coronary artery

A

An artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle

30
Q

Atrium

A

An internal chamber. In the hearts of vertebrates, the thin-walled chamber(s) entered by blood on its way to the ventricle(s). Also, the outer ear.

31
Q

Circulatory system

A

A system consisting of a muscular pump, a fluid, and a series of conduits that transports materials around the body

32
Q

Plasma

A

The liquid portion of blood, in which blood cells and other particulates are suspended

33
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of a chamber of the heart, driving blood forward in the circulatory system.

34
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

The heart, blood, and vessels.

35
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

A modified node of cardiac muscle that organises the action potentials that control contraction of the ventricles.

36
Q

Erythropoietin

A

A hormone produced by the kidney in response to lack of oxygen that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

37
Q

Aortic valve

A

A one-way valve between the left ventricle of the heart and aorta that prevents backflow of blood into the ventricle when it relaxes

38
Q

Fibrin

A

A protein that polymerises to from long threads that provide structure to a blood clot

39
Q

Starling’s forces

A

The two opposing forces responsible for water movement across capillary walls: blood pressures which squeezes water and small solutes out of the capillaries, and osmotic pressure, which pills water back into the capillaries.

40
Q

Fibrinogen

A

A circulating protein that can be stimulated to fall out of solution and proved the structure for a blood clot

41
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

The portion of the circulatory system by which blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs or gills fro oxygenation and back to the heart for distribution

42
Q

Arteriole

A

A small blood vessel arising from an artery that feeds blood into a capillary bed.

43
Q

Coronary thrombosis

A

A fibrous clot that blocks a coronary artery

44
Q

Frank-Starling law

A

The stroke volume of the heart increases with increased return of blood to the heart.

45
Q

Spleen

A

Organ that serves as a reservoir for venous blood and eliminates old, damaged red blood cells from the circulation.

46
Q

Thrombin

A

An enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin, thus triggering the formation of blood clots

47
Q

Venule

A

A small blood vessel draining a capillary bed that joins others of its kind to form a vein.

48
Q

Embolus

A

A circulating blood clot

49
Q

Thoracic duct

A

The connection between the lymphatic system and the circulatory system.

Bio910 D2 (12 decks)

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