Life Flashcards
What are the criteria for life?
M-Movement
R-Respiration
S-Sensitivity
G-Growth
R-Reproduction
E-Excretion
N-Nutrition
C-Control
Unicellular organism
An organism with one cell
Multicellular organism
An organism with multiple cells
What is the formula for magnification?
size of image/ size of object
What is the formula for the size of an object?
size of image/ magnification
Resolution
A measure of the clarity of an image
Magnification
How large the image of an object can be made in relation to the actual size of the object
DNA
Exists as a large, circular chromosome and controls the cell’s activities
Plasmid
Small circles of DNA that contains additional genes (not in all bacteria)
Ribosomes
Make proteins out of amino acids
Cytoplasm
Where metabolic reactions occur
Cell membrane
Controls what enters and exits the cell
Slime capsule
Protects cell from digestion by other organisms
Pili
Used to attach to each other and the environment
Flagellum/a
Used for movement by swimming
How permeable is the cell wall?
Fully permeable
How permeable is the cell membrane?
Partially permeable
Diffusion
The net movement of particles down their concentration gradient
What is the formula for rate of diffusion?
Concentration gradient x Surface area/ diffusion distance
What factors influence diffusion?
Concentration gradient, surface area, diffusion distance, tenperature
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell without a nucleus
Kilometre (km)
1 x 10 to the 3m
Metre (m)
1 x 10-0m
Centimetre (cm)
1 x 10-2m
Millimetre (mm)
1 x 10-3m
Micrometer (um)
1 x 10-6m
Nanometre (nm)
1 x 10-9m
Magnification equation
Size of image/ Size of object
Which light microscope is 2D image?
Compound
Which light microscope is 3D?
Dissecting
Which electron microscope is 2D?
Transmission (TEM)
Which electron microscope is 3D?
Scanning (SEM)
What does DNA do?
It acts as the cell’s protein manufacturing instructions
What does the nucleus do?
Control the cell’s activities
What is differentiation?
The process of specialised cells switch on certain genes and making only the protein they need to become a certain type of cell
Cell
The smallest unit of a living organism
Tissue
A group of cells with a similar structure and function
Organ
Made of more than one type of tissue which work together to perform a particular job
System
Composed of a variety of different organs which work together to perform a particular function in the body
