Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology GCSE (EDEXCEL) > Brain, Eye and Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Brain, Eye and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Vitreous Humor

eye

A

Transparent fluid which provides structural support and allows light to reach the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dilation

eye

A

When the pupil widens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Protein Synthesis

Deletion

Definition

A

When one or more bases are removed from the sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Protein Synthesis

Promoter Region

Definition

A

The region where transcription of a gene occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Protein Synthesis

RNA polymerase

Definition

A

The enzyme that makes the mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muscles

eye

A

These enable the eye to move in its socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Colour blindness

Causes

A

The cones in the retina do not work properly or are absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Protein Synthesis

What are the 5 mutations that can occur during protein synthesis?

A
  1. Substitution
  2. Insertion
  3. Deletion
  4. Inversion
  5. Duplication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Constriction

eye

A

When the pupil narrows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Short-sightedness
(Myopia)

Causes

A
  • Lens is too thick and curved
  • Eyeball is elongated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Long-sightedness

Treatment

A

By placing a convex lens in front of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Protein Synthesis

Inversion

Definition

A

When 2 bases are swapped over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Pupil Reflex

eye

A

An automatic reflec arc that constricts and dilates the pupil in order to control how much light is entering the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Retina

eye

A

The layer which contains photoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3

Temporal Lobe

What does it control?

A
  • Hearing
  • Learning
  • Feelings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aqueous Humor

eye

A

Transparent fluid whivh allows light to enter the pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cataracts

Treatment

A

Replacing the cloudy lens with an artificial one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2

What is the cerebellum?

A
  • Controls muscle co-ordination and posture
  • Co-ordinates timing and fine control of muscle activity

Many musicians and dancers have well developed cerebellums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3

What is the Cerebrum?

A
  • largest part of the brain
  • divided into 2 halves called cerebral hemispheres
  • (right side controls muscles on the left side of the body and vise versa)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Colour blindness

Treatment

A

There is no treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ciliary body

eye

A

Contains muscles which control the amount of light entering the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Conjuctiva

eye

A

Transparent, protective, lubricating layer over the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

1

Occipital Lobe

What does it control?

24
Q

Protein Synthesis

Translation

Definition

A

The process when the mRNA attaches to the ribosome and recruits tRNA molecules that are carrying amino acids to make a polypeptide

25
Q

Pupil

eye

A

Hole in the iris that allows light into the back of the eye

26
Q

What does A CT scan show

A

The main structure of the brain

27
Q

Lens

eye

A

The part which refracts light into the eye

28
Q

Suspensory ligaments

eye

A

These hold the lens in place

29
Q

Protein Synthesis

Template strand

Definition

A

The strand that is used to build a new molecule of mRNA during Transcription

30
Q

Choroid

eye

A

The layer which contains blood vessels and absorbs light

31
Q

Short-sightedness

Treatment

A

By placing a concave lens in front of the eye

32
Q

4

Frontal Lobe

What does it control?

A
  • Thinking
  • Memory
  • Behaviour
  • Movement
33
Q

2

Parietal Lobe

What does it control?

A
  • Language
  • Touch
34
Q

Iris

eye

A

Changes shape to focus light onto the retina

35
Q

Protein Synthesis

Polypeptide

Definition

A

A chain of amino acids that are joined together by peptide bonds

36
Q

What is a PET scan?

A

Using scanners to detect gamma rays that radiate from a previously injected tracer

37
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

A
  • Temporal
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
  • Frontal
38
Q

What is a CT scan?

A

Using x-rays to produce an image of the brain

39
Q

Cataracts

Causes

A

A buildup of protein clouding the lens

40
Q

Protein Synthesis

What is thymine (T) replaced with in mRNA?

A

Uracil (U)

41
Q

Fovea

eye

A

Contains the greratest density of cones

42
Q

Long-sightedness
(Hyperopia)

Causes

A
  • Loss of elasticity in the lens
  • Eyeball is too short
43
Q

Protein Synthesis

Duplication

Definition

A

When one base in the sequence is repeated

44
Q

Protein Synthesis

Insertion

Definition

A

When one or more bases is added into the sequence

45
Q

Sclera

eye

A

Tough outer protective layer of the eyeball

46
Q

Protein Synthesis

Transcription

Definition

A

Copying a gene’s DNA sequence to create a mRNA molecule

47
Q

Genome

Definition

A

The entire set of genetic material in an organism

48
Q

Cornea

eye

A

Contains muscles whose actions result in the lens changing its shape

49
Q

Protein Synthesis

Substitution

Definition

A

When one base in the sequence has been changed

50
Q

Blind spot

eye

A

The point at which neurones converge to leave the eye

51
Q

Optic nerve

eye

A

Contains the axons of sensory neurones carrying information to the brain

52
Q

What does a PET scan show?

A
  • The function of different parts of the brain as well as the structure
  • Shows brain activity
53
Q

2

What is the Medulla Oblongata?

A
  • Controls unconscious activities (e.g. heart rate, breathing)
  • Also controls some reflexes such as vomiting, sneexing and swallowing
54
Q

Protein Synthesis

Codon

Definition

A

3 consecutive mRNA pairs

55
Q

3

What are the main parts of the brain?

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla oblongata

Biology GCSE (EDEXCEL) (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions