Brain, Eye and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Vitreous Humor

eye

Answer 1

Transparent fluid which provides structural support and allows light to reach the retina

Question 2

Dilation

eye

Answer 2

When the pupil widens

Question 3

Protein Synthesis

Deletion

Definition

Answer 3

When one or more bases are removed from the sequence

Question 4

Protein Synthesis

Promoter Region

Definition

Answer 4

The region where transcription of a gene occurs

Question 5

Protein Synthesis

RNA polymerase

Definition

Answer 5

The enzyme that makes the mRNA

Question 6

Muscles

eye

Answer 6

These enable the eye to move in its socket

Question 7

Colour blindness

Causes

Answer 7

The cones in the retina do not work properly or are absent

Question 8

Protein Synthesis

What are the 5 mutations that can occur during protein synthesis?

Answer 8

1. Substitution
2. Insertion
3. Deletion
4. Inversion
5. Duplication

Question 9

Constriction

eye

Answer 9

When the pupil narrows

Question 10

Short-sightedness
(Myopia)

Causes

Answer 10

• Lens is too thick and curved
• Eyeball is elongated

Question 11

Long-sightedness

Treatment

Answer 11

By placing a convex lens in front of the eye

Question 12

Protein Synthesis

Inversion

Definition

Answer 12

When 2 bases are swapped over

Question 13

The Pupil Reflex

eye

Answer 13

An automatic reflec arc that constricts and dilates the pupil in order to control how much light is entering the eye

Question 14

Retina

eye

Answer 14

The layer which contains photoreceptors

Question 15

3

Temporal Lobe

What does it control?

Answer 15

• Hearing
• Learning
• Feelings

Question 16

Aqueous Humor

eye

Answer 16

Transparent fluid whivh allows light to enter the pupil

Question 17

Cataracts

Treatment

Answer 17

Replacing the cloudy lens with an artificial one

Question 18

2

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 18

• Controls muscle co-ordination and posture
• Co-ordinates timing and fine control of muscle activity

Many musicians and dancers have well developed cerebellums

Question 19

3

What is the Cerebrum?

Answer 19

• largest part of the brain
• divided into 2 halves called cerebral hemispheres
• (right side controls muscles on the left side of the body and vise versa)

Question 20

Colour blindness

Treatment

Answer 20

There is no treatment

Question 21

Ciliary body

eye

Answer 21

Contains muscles which control the amount of light entering the eye

Question 22

Conjuctiva

eye

Answer 22

Transparent, protective, lubricating layer over the cornea

Question 23

1

Occipital Lobe

What does it control?

Answer 23

• Sight

Question 24

Protein Synthesis

Translation

Definition

Answer 24

The process when the mRNA attaches to the ribosome and recruits tRNA molecules that are carrying amino acids to make a polypeptide

Question 25

Pupil | eye

Answer 25

Hole in the iris that allows light into the back of the eye

Question 26

What does A CT scan show

Answer 26

The main structure of the brain

Question 27

Lens | eye

Answer 27

The part which refracts light into the eye

Question 28

Suspensory ligaments | eye

Answer 28

These hold the lens in place

Question 29

# Protein Synthesis Template strand | Definition

Answer 29

The strand that is used to build a new molecule of mRNA during Transcription

Question 30

Choroid | eye

Answer 30

The layer which contains blood vessels and absorbs light

Question 31

Short-sightedness | Treatment

Answer 31

By placing a concave lens in front of the eye

Question 32

# 4 Frontal Lobe | What does it control?

Answer 32

* Thinking * Memory * Behaviour * Movement

Question 33

# 2 Parietal Lobe | What does it control?

Answer 33

* Language * Touch

Question 34

Iris | eye

Answer 34

Changes shape to focus light onto the retina

Question 35

# Protein Synthesis Polypeptide | Definition

Answer 35

A chain of amino acids that are joined together by peptide bonds

Question 36

What is a PET scan?

Answer 36

Using scanners to detect gamma rays that radiate from a previously injected tracer

Question 37

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 37

* Temporal * Parietal * Occipital * Frontal

Question 38

What is a CT scan?

Answer 38

Using x-rays to produce an image of the brain

Question 39

Cataracts | Causes

Answer 39

A buildup of protein clouding the lens

Question 40

# Protein Synthesis What is thymine (T) replaced with in mRNA?

Answer 40

Uracil (U)

Question 41

Fovea | eye

Answer 41

Contains the greratest density of cones

Question 42

Long-sightedness (Hyperopia) | Causes

Answer 42

* Loss of elasticity in the lens * Eyeball is too short

Question 43

# Protein Synthesis Duplication | Definition

Answer 43

When one base in the sequence is repeated

Question 44

# Protein Synthesis Insertion | Definition

Answer 44

When one or more bases is added into the sequence

Question 45

Sclera | eye

Answer 45

Tough outer protective layer of the eyeball

Question 46

# Protein Synthesis Transcription | Definition

Answer 46

Copying a gene's DNA sequence to create a mRNA molecule

Question 47

Genome | Definition

Answer 47

The entire set of genetic material in an organism

Question 48

Cornea | eye

Answer 48

Contains muscles whose actions result in the lens changing its shape

Question 49

# Protein Synthesis Substitution | Definition

Answer 49

When one base in the sequence has been changed

Question 50

Blind spot | eye

Answer 50

The point at which neurones converge to leave the eye

Question 51

Optic nerve | eye

Answer 51

Contains the axons of sensory neurones carrying information to the brain

Question 52

What does a PET scan show?

Answer 52

* The function of different parts of the brain as well as the structure * Shows brain activity

Question 53

# 2 What is the Medulla Oblongata?

Answer 53

* Controls unconscious activities (e.g. heart rate, breathing) * Also controls some reflexes such as vomiting, sneexing and swallowing

Question 54

# Protein Synthesis Codon | Definition

Answer 54

3 consecutive mRNA pairs

Question 55

# 3 What are the main parts of the brain?

Answer 55

* Cerebrum * Cerebellum * Medulla oblongata