Health And Disease Flashcards
Health
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity
The seven food groups
- Carbs
- Proteins
- Fats/ lipids
- Fibre
- Water
- Vitamins
- Minerals
Communicable diseases
Diseases that are caused by infectious pathogens that pass from person to person within a community
5 Pathogen groups
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Protist
- Worm
Non-communicable diseases
Diseases that cannot be caught or passed on
Causes of non- communicable diseases
- Genetics
- Lifestyle causes
- Environmental causes
- Autoimmune
Infection
Pathogen has entered the body/ tissues. It will then start dividing, causing change and symptoms of the disease
The 2 types of barrier
- Physical barrier
e.g. skin, sticky mucus in the lungs - Chemical barrier
e.g. HCL in stomach, enzymes in digestive system
What are viruses?
-Infectious parasites that, once bound to a host cell, insert their genetic material into it and use the host cell’s organelles and the viral DNA to make more viral particles
-Not alive
-Not cells
What are Lysozomes?
Bacterial destroying enzymes in our tears, saliva and naval mucus
What are the effects of blood clotting?
-Blood loss is reduced
-The entry of pathogens into our blood stream, and so chance of infection, is restricted
What does the body’s second line of defence consist of
-Inflammation
-White blood cells
What is Inflammation
Blood capillaries widen and more blood cells rush to the scene
What are white blood cells?
Phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogen cells
What are B-lymphocytes
-White blood cells
-Release antibodies
Why is the Secondary Immuno Response better than the first? (3)
- It creates more antibodies/ a higher concentration of them
- The delay between infection and antibody production is reduced
- Antibody reduction rate is faster
Immunization
Definition
A method of gicing up immunity to a pathogen through the production of long lived Memory B-lymphocytes without having to be ill
What could be in a vaccine? (3)
- A lliving pathogen that is weakened so that it is harmless
- A dead pathogen
- A fragment of the pathogen that contains the antigen
Markers
Definition
The ‘antigens’ on cancer cells
