Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes made from?
Amino acids
What are proteins made from?
Amino acids
What are lipids made from?
Glycerin and three fatty acids
What are carbohydrates made from
Simple sugar
e.g glucose
Lock and key theory
Only one substrate fits into and enzymes active site
What enzymes are produced in the salivary glands?
Amylase (carbohydrates)
What enzymes are produced in the stomach?
Pepsin(protease)
What enzymes are produced in the duodenum?
Carbohydrates, lipases and proteases
What enzymes are produced in the pancreas?
Carbohydrates, lipases and proteases
Catalyst
Something that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
What type of catalysts are enzymes
Biological catalysts
Digestion
Splitting apart molecules
Synthesis
Joining molecules
What factors affect enzymes?
Temperature, pH, substrate amount
What is an optimum pH/temperature?
The pH/ temperature where enzyme-substrate complex formation is highest
Denaturing the enzyme
To change the shape of the active site, so the substrate can no longer bind to the enzyme
What 7 substances for a balanced diet include?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins, water, fibres
What’s is the test for a simple carbohydrate?
The Benedict’s test
What is the test for complex carbohydrates?
Iodine test
What is the test for proteins?
Biuret’s test
What is the test for lipids?
Emulsion test
What is the formula for rate of reaction?
Change in mass/ Change in time
How to measure rate of reaction
- Measure how fast a reactant disappears
- Measure how fast a product is made
Factors that affect the rate of reaction
- Temperature
- pH
- Concentration of substrate
- Concentration of enzyme
Product of starch
Glucose
Product of proteins
Amino acids
Product of lipids
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
