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Biology GCSE (EDEXCEL) > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 types of bases?

A
  1. Adenine
  2. Cytosine
  3. Thymine
  4. Guanine
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2
Q

Which bases bind to each other?

A
  1. Adenine - Thymine
  2. Guanine - Cytosine
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3
Q

What is the human diploid number?

A

46

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4
Q

What is the human haploid number?

A

23

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5
Q

Homozygous

Definition

A

Having 2 identical alleles for a particular characteristic

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6
Q

Dominant allele

Definition

A

An allele that has an effect in both heterozygous and homozygous conditions

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7
Q

Genotype

Definition

A

The genes/ alleles that an organism possesses

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8
Q

Recessive allele

Definition

A

An allele which only has an effect in the homozygous condition

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9
Q

Phenotype

Definition

A

An organisms outward appearance/ characteristics

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10
Q

Heterozygous

Definition

A

Having 2 different alleles for a particular characteristic

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11
Q

Allele

Definition

A

Different forms of the same allele

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12
Q

Homozygous Recessive

Definition

A

Having 2 copies of identical, recessive alleles

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13
Q

Homozygous Dominant

Definition

A

Having 2 copies of identical, dominant alleles

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14
Q

Homologous Pairs

Definition

A
  • A pair of chromosomes that have the same genes at the same loci
  • The alleles may be different
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15
Q

Expressed

Definition

A

The gene is switched on and the protein is made and the characteristic is seen in the phenotype

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16
Q

Pure-breeding

Definition

A

An organism is homozygous and can only pass on 1 type of allele to offspring

17
Q

Test Cross

Definition

A

Breeding an organism with dominant characteristics with one that has recessive characteristics to analyse th offspring yo find the genotype of the original organism

18
Q

Punnet Square

Definition

A

Shows the possible genotypes and phenotypes that could form following a cross between parents with particular alleles for a gene

Is a type of genetic diagram

19
Q

Polygenic

Definition

A

When many genes are involved to cause a phenotype

20
Q

Genetic Variation

Definition

A

Differences in alleles

21
Q

Environmental Variation

Definition

A
  • Some of the variation is caused by how the environment affects the individual
  • e.g. height, weight, skin colour
22
Q

Continuous Variation

Definition

A
  • When the characteristic can take any value in the data set
  • Represented using a line graph or histogram
  • e.g. hair length
23
Q

Discontinuous Variation

Definition

A
  • Where the characteristic can only take oone of a limkited set of values in a data set
  • Represented using a bar chart
  • e.g. number of legs, eye colour, blood groups

Biology GCSE (EDEXCEL) (7 decks)

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