LG2.5 Vasculature of the Nervous System Flashcards
Where do the cerebral arteries ascend through?
Transverse foramina
What do the vertebral arteries become when they pass through the transverse foramina after fusing?
Basilar artery
What arteries come of the internal carotid artery?
Anterior cerebral
Anterior communicating
Middle cerebral
What arteries come of the vertebral artery?
Basilar
Posterior cerebral
Posterior communicating
Where does the Anterior Cerebral Artery supply?
Supply most medial surface & deep structures, leg motor area.
Where does the Middle Cerebral Artery supply?
-Supply most lateral surface & deep structures, all motor areas except leg area
What is the ICA?
Internal Carotid Artery
Where does the ICA enter the skull?
Carotid canal
What is the pathway of the ICA after entering the skull?
Carotid canal to foramen lacerum
What are the three parts of the ICA?
Petrous. Cavernous, Cerebral
What artery is the most commonly affected in strokes is?
Middle carotid artery
What is a Saccular (berry) aneurysm?
Injury or clots in arteries of the Circle of Willis can result in neurological deficit or cranial nerve symptoms
What is the first branch off of the ICA after entering the cavernous sinus?
Ophthalmic artery
What does the ICA terminate into?
Anterior and middle cerebral arteries
What is the only artery supply to the retina?
opthalmic artery
Which nerve can affect or be affected by the ophthalmic artery?
CN II
What are possible signs of a ACA stroke?
- Sensorimotor deficits in contralateral foot & leg
- Urinary incontinence
- Contralateral frontal lobe signs
What are signs of MCA?
- Severe sensorimotor deficits in contralateral face & upper limb
- With dominant hemisphere involvement –>global aphasia (left side blowout; written & spoken language)
- With non dominant hemisphere –> neglect syndrome or amorphosynthesis
Where do the pontine arteries go to?
to the pons
What is the cerebral artery syndrome for ACA?
- Occlusion distal to the ACOM
- Contralateral Hemiparesis and hemisensory loss, mainly leg and foot
What is the cerebral artery syndrome for MCA?
- Contralateral hemiparesis
- Hemisensory loss, mainly face arm
- Aphasia (dominant hemisphere)
What is the cerebral artery syndrome for PCA?
- Visual agnosia
- Contralateral homonymous
- Hemianopia, contralateral sensory
- Loss (thalamus)
What is the cerebral artery syndrome for the internal carotid?
- May be well compensated
- Similar to MCA
What are the expected neurological defects if the dominant hemisphere (usually left) is involved?
- right hemiparesis
- right hemisensory loss
- left gaze preference
- right visual field cut
- Aphasia may result
What are the expected neurological defects if the non-dominant hemisphere (usually right) is involved?
- left hemiparesis
- left hemisensory loss
- Right gaze preference
- Left visual field cut may result.
- There may also be neglect when the patient has a left-sided hemi-inattention and ignores the left side.
What are the expected neurological deficits if the cerebellum is involved?
- Unilateral limb ataxia
- Incoordination or gait ataxia
- vertigo
What supplies the posterior portion of the spine?
- 2 posterior spinal arteries
- Suplies 1/3 of SC
What supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord?
- 1 anterior spinal artery
- supplies 2/3 of spinal cord
Where do the spinal arteries normally arise from?
vertebral arteries
What happens with vertebral-basilar artery occlusion?
- Supply all parts of the posterior cranial fossa, and contribute to PCA
- Ipsilateral pain/temp loss face
- Contralateral loss of body pain/face
- Homonymous hemianopia (occipital lobe)
- Ipsilateral loss of gag reflex, dysphagia, and hoarseness.
What are the effects if you have a stroke in the anterior spinal artery?
- Total motor paralysis and dissociated sensory loss below the level of the lesion.
- Sensory loss is dissociated, loss of pain and temperature, but position and vibration sense is intact.
Which sins us may mimic or cause ear pain?
Transverse sinus
