1.8 Neurotransmitter Biochemistry: Acetylcholine and Serotonin (pg 291-306) Flashcards
What is the ionic receptor for Ach?
Cholinergic nicotinic
What is the metabotropic receptor for Ach?
Cholinergic muscarinic
What makes the Cholinergic nicotinic receptor different?
Are ion channels that contain five protein subunits that bind more tightly to nicotine than to muscarine
What makes the Cholinergic muscarinic different?
G-protein coupled receptors that contain a single protein that binds more tightly to muscarine than to nicotine
What is an Acetyl group?
Two carbon chemical group, attached through an ester bond
What is a Choline?
An amine containing compound that is often found in the liver
Where is Ach produced?
o Diagonal band of Broca, Medial septal nucleus, nucleus basalis, and pedunculopontine nucleus.
In the brain what is Ach responsible for?
Attention, memory
What actions is dopamine in charge of in the brain?
Reward, attention, decisions
Where is dopamine made?
Substantia nirgra
What is actions is serotonin mainly in charge of?
Homeostatis, sleep, wake, pain
What does serotonin do in the endothelial cells?
Regulates blood pressure
What does serotonin do in the intestines?
Regulates digestion
What molecule is serotonin derived from?
Tryptophan
What converts tryptophan to 5-hydroxytrptophan?
Tryptophan hydroxylase
What is another name for serotonin?
5-hydroxytrptophan
What does Tryptophan hydroxylase, phenylalanine hydroxylase, and tyrosine hydroxyls require for activation?
-molecular oxygen (O2) by iron and tetrahydrobiopterin
cofactors
What actions does Norepinephrine have in the brain?
Attention, response to stimuli
What does molecularly does acetylchonline esterase do?
Hydrolysis of an ester bond inserts the oxygen atom from the water to form a carboxylic
What is norepinephrine made?
Locus ceruleus, laterel tegmental system
What does choline acetytransferase do?
Binds to choline and to acetylcoenzyme A and transferse the actyl group from acetylcoenzyme-A to choline
What does a deficiency of choline cause?
Deficiency of choline interferes with lipid processing and leads to fat buildup in the liver (Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease = NAFLD)
