Brain Stuff Flashcards
Function of the Frontal Lobe?
Higher level reasoning and cognitive functions, emotional control, motor skills, language functions, and interpretation.
Function of the Parietal Lobe?
Interpretation and processing of sensory stimuli, movement and orientation
Function of the Temporal lobe?
Primary auditory cortex, smell, speech, and memory formation
Function of the occipital lobe?
Primary visual cortex
Function of the Insular lobe?
Intergration pain and temperature sensation, language function
What is the function of the limbic system?
Emotions and memories
What does fascicles mean?
a bundle of structures, such as nerve
What does commissure mean?
a band of nerve tissue connecting the hemispheres of the brain, the two sides of the spinal cord,
What does chiasm mean?
the crossing over of two parts or structures, such as the fibres of the optic nerves in the brain.
What does decussation mean?
The action of crossing (as of nerve fibers) especially in the form of an X. 2 : a crossed tract of nerve fibers passing between centers on opposite sides of the nervous system.
What is the function of the Basal Ganglia?
- Intimate connections with cerebral cortex, thalamus, limbic system, brainstem and other areas
- Involved with voluntary body movement, eye movements. learning, repeated behavior or habits, cognition, and emotion
What does the white mater contain?
axons
What does the grey matter contain?
Neuron somas
What is the function of the pre-central gyrus?
Motor
What is the function of the post central gyrus?
Sensory
What are the three layers of meninges?
1) Dura mater
2) Arachnoid mater
3) Pia mater
What are the parts of Epithalamus?
Pineal gland, habenular nuclei, and commissure
What is the function of the thalamus?
Relay station for sensory and motor information to and from the cerebral cortex
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Interacts with multiple regions of the brain to aid in control of appetite, thirst, emotions, body temperature and circadian rhythm. Interacts with pituitary gland per hormonal secretions
What is the function of the epithalamus?
Connects the limbic system to motor pathways and other parts of the brain, emotional response, circadian rhythms and sleep per melatonin secreted by pineal gland.
What does the central sulci separate?
frontal and parietal
What does the lateral sulci separate?
Frontal from temporal
What does the parieto-occipital separate?
Parietal and occipital
What does the longitudinal cerebral separate?
two hemispheres
What are the 6 major hormones produced by the anterior lobe pituitary functions?
Growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, follicular stimulating hormone, luteninizing hormone, prolactin
What are the hormones produced by the 2 posterior lobes?
-vasopressin and oxytocin
What are the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons, medulla
What is the function of the midbrian?
body and eye movement, vision and hearing integration
What is the function of the pons?
Motor control, sensory interpretation (sleep and consciousness)
What is the function of the medulla?
-Autonomic body functions including breathing, heart rate
What is the function of the cerebellar functions?
-Coordination of movement, posture and balance
What is the arbor vitae?
Is the cerebellar white matter, so called for its branched, tree-like appearance. I
What is the cingulate gyri?
Limbic-emotion and pain
Where is the corpus callosum?
relay station/connect two hemispheres
Where is the septum pellucidum?
Separates lateral ventricles
What is the conus medularis?
End of spinal cord
What is the caudal equine?
2nd-5th lumbar out of conus medularis
What is the white/grey mater layout of the spinal cord?
Grey is inside and white is outside
What are the ventral roots?
motor
What are the dorsal roots?
sensory
What makes up the dorsal root ganglion?
somas
What is the Denticulate ligament?
pia mater of the spinal cord extensions, 21 per side, helps prevent side to side movement
What is the Filum terminale?
is a delicate strand of fibrous tissue, about 20 cm in length, proceeding downward from the apex of the conus medullaris.It is one of the modifications of pia mater. It gives longitudinal support to the spinal cord
What is the Falx cerebri?
So named from its sickle-like form, is a strong, arched fold of dura mater that descends vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres.
What is the Falx cerebelli?
is a small sickle shaped fold of dura mater, projecting forwards into the posterior cerebellar notch as well as projecting into the vallecula of the cerebellum between the two cerebellar hemispheres
What is the tentorium cerebelli?
An extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes.
What is the diaphragma sellae?
or sellar diaphragm is a flat piece of dura mater (with a circular hole allowing the vertical passage of the pituitary stalk). It retains the pituitary gland beneath it in the fossa hypophyseos as it almost completely roofs the fossa hypophyseos of the sella turcica, a part of the sphenoid bone.`
What is the arachnoid granulations?
Are small protrusions of the arachnoid (the thin second layer covering the brain) through the dura mater (the thick outer layer).
What is Subarachnoid space?
The space between the arachnoid and the pia mater through which the cerebrospinal fluid circulates and across which extend delicate trabeculae of connective tissue.
What is the flow of CSF?
produced from within the two lateral ventricles. From here, the CSF passes through the Interventricular foramina (of Monro) to the third ventricle, then the cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) to the fourth ventricle. The fourth ventricle is an outpouching on the posterior part of the brainstem. From the fourth ventricle, the fluid passes through three foramen to enter the subarachnoid space. It passes through the Foramen of Magendie on the midline, and two Foramen of Luschka laterally. The subarachnoid space covers the brain and spinal cord.[1]
Where is CSF produced?
choroid plexus
Where is CSF reabsorbed?
Returns to the vascular system by entering the dural venous sinuses via the arachnoid granulations (or villi).
