Level 2 Bio: Respiration

Question 1

What is respiration

Answer 1

Respiration is the process of releasing energy from food. The purpose of respiration is to release energy from food.

Question 2

What is Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

(Aerobic) respiration is the process where organisms obtain energy from (organic) molecules. The purpose of respiration is to release energy from food.

Question 3

What does ATP stand for and what is it?

Answer 3

Adenosine Triphosphate. A-P-P÷P (÷=high energy bond)

Question 4

Main points of respiration

Answer 4

To be most efficient, the process requires oxygen and so is called aerobic respiration.

Aerobic respiration: 1 glucose molecule yields 30 ATP molecules.

Question 5

What are the waste products of respiration

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and Water (H₂O).

Question 6

What is the balanced chemical equation of respiration.

Answer 6

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ +6H₂O + energy

Question 7

What is the word equation for respiration

Answer 7

Glucose (food) + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

Question 8

What is anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

Anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration releases only enough energy to make 2 ATP’s from each glucose molecule.

Question 9

Where does respiration occur?

Answer 9

The Mitochondria

Question 10

What are the 4 components of the Mitochondria?

Answer 10

1. Inner membrane
2. Outer membrane
3. Cristae
4. Matrix

Question 11

What is the Matrix?

Answer 11

The fluid area of the organelle. Filled with enzymes that help respiration.

Question 12

What is Cristae?

Answer 12

The extension of the membrane, this is where respiration takes place. This increases surface area so more respiration can occur/more ATP

Question 13

What is the outer membrane?

Answer 13

Regulates what comes in and out.

Question 14

What is the process?

Answer 14

Glucose
                              2ADP
                    ↓         ↙
            Glycolysis
                    ↓           ↘︎
                                2ATP
           Pyruvic Acid
                    ↓ 

               ⬅︎
 ⬇  🗘Krebs Cycle🗘  ⬆︎           ➡ CO₂
                ➡︎

                     ↓
              Hydrogen      28ADP
                    ↓                ↙
        Respiration Chain                ➡ H₂O
                     ↘︎
            (Makes) 28ATP

Question 15

What is the process in the Cytoplasm

Answer 15

Foods are broken down into pyruvic acid.

This is Glycolysis, happens in the cytoplasm.

Question 16

What is the process in the Mitochondria

Answer 16

The ‘Krebs cycle’ , this happens in the Matrix, uses Pyruvic acid to release hydrogen which is used in the next step. The by-product is carbon dioxide.

The ‘Respiratory chain’ or ‘Electron transfer chain’ , occurs on the Cristae, it uses hydrogen to produce energy, it needs oxygen and it’s waste product is water. It supplies 28ATP of energy, so overall there are 30 ATP made.

Question 17

What is the anaerobic respiration process

Answer 17

The ‘Krebs cycle can not occur so there is a build up of pyruvic acid which forms lactic acid. It only produces 2ATP (unlike aerobic - 28ATP) so not effective. Lactic acid breaks down once oxygen is available.

 Glucose        2ADP
      ⬇︎                ↙︎
Glycolysis   
      ⬇︎                    ↘
Pyruvic acid      2ATP
      ⬇︎
Lactic acid

Question 18

What is the concentration of Mitochondria

Answer 18

Parts of the body that use lots of energy have lots of mitochondria such as the muscles, our gut (collecting food and processing it) and brain matter.

Question 19

Describe the purpose of cellular respiration AND where it occurs in the cell

Answer 19

The purpose of cellular respiration is to obtain energy from food/organic molecules, it is the process of releasing energy from food. It occurs in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria.

Question 20

Where does respiration occur? IMPORTANT!

Answer 20

In the Mitochondria AND the Cytoplasm