Genetics Overview

Question 1

Where is a nucleus located?

Answer 1

In the center of a cell

Question 2

What is inside chromosomes?

Answer 2

Your genes

Question 3

Definition of trait?

Answer 3

A genetically determined characteristic such as eye colour.

Question 4

What is a genome?

Answer 4

The total collection of genes possessed by an organism

Question 5

What is the double helix?

Answer 5

The shape which two DNA molecules form together

Question 6

What is discontinuous variation?

Answer 6

Either/Or
e.g:
tongue rolling, free or connected earlobes

Question 7

What is continuous variation?

Answer 7

It changes
e.g:
height, foot size, hair length

Question 8

How do you get your sex?

Answer 8

The egg is always an x. The sperm is either an y or an x if its xy it is a boy if xx it is a girl

Question 9

What is genetic variation?

Answer 9

The genetic difference between two individuals, for instance mutations.

Question 10

What are the advantages of A-sexual reproduction?

Answer 10

Population can increase rapidly, only one parent needed, it is more time and energy efficient and it is faster than sexual reproduction.

Question 11

What are the disadvantages of A-sexual reproduction?

Answer 11

No genetic variation, species only suited to one habitat and disease may effect the whole population

Question 12

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 12

It produces genetic variation, the species can adapt to new environments, a disease is less likely to affect the whole population

Question 13

What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 13

It takes longer because a mate must be found, then the egg must be fertilised and then the offspring has to develop.

Question 14

What is the definition of genetics?

Answer 14

The study of how genes and traits are passed down from generation to generation. Our genes carry lot’s of information like our health, appearance and personality.

Question 15

What is a punnet square?

Answer 15

Used to predict the genotypes of breeding experiments

Question 16

What is a cell?

Answer 16

The basic building blocks of all living things

Question 17

What are the base pairs of a cell?

Answer 17

Four different bases in DNA: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine. These four chemicals are repeated in different patterns over and over again to make all the DNA strands.

Question 18

What are ratios in a punnet square?

Answer 18

If your punnett square contains one YY, 2 Yy, 1 yy your genotypic ratio is 1:2:1 your phenotypic ration would be 3……. : 1……….

Question 19

Can a mutation be passed on if it’s not in the gamete/sex cell?

Answer 19

No, a mutation must occur in the gamete for it to be able to be passed on.

Question 20

Does the offspring number need to be larger or smaller for the predicted ratio to be more accurate?

Answer 20

Larger, with a larger number of offspring the predicted ratio will be more accurate.

Question 21

What is the name for a body cell?

Answer 21

Somatic

Question 22

If the 2 alleles are dominant the GENOTYPE is:

Answer 22

HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT

Question 23

If the 2 alleles are RECESSIVE the GENOTYPE IS:

Answer 23

HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE

Question 24

If the 2 alleles are different the GENOTYPE is:

Answer 24

HETEROZYGOUS

Question 25

How do you answer questions in the exam?

Answer 25

• Define (terms)

- Explain

Question 26

How many cell divisions does Mitosis have?

Answer 26

1

Question 27

How many cell divisions does Meiosis have?

Answer 27

2

Question 28

What is the name for the amount of chromosomes sets in a Somatic cell?

Answer 28

Diploid (full set of cells) (meaning 2 sets, 1 set from each parent)

Question 29

What is the name for the amount of chromosome sets in a Gamete cell

Answer 29

Haploid (half set of cells) (meaning 1 set)

Question 30

How does sexual reproduction relate to Variation?

Answer 30

During sexual reproduction, meiosis occurs, leading to independent assortment and crossing over.