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Science > Level 2 Bio: Organelles & Cells > Flashcards

Level 2 Bio: Organelles & Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What does MRS GREN stand for

A

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition.

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2
Q

Does a typical animal cell have a cell membrane?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Does a typical animal cell have a cytoplasm?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Does a typical animal cell have lysosomes?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Does a typical animal cell have an Endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Does a typical animal cell have a nucleus and a nucleolus?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Does a typical animal cell have ribosomes?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Does a typical animal cell have Mitochondrion?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Does a typical animal cell have Centrioles?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Does a typical animal cell have vacuoles

A

Yes

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11
Q

Does a typical animal cell have a golgi apparatus?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Does a typical plant cell have a cell wall?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Does an animal cell have a cell wall?

A

No

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14
Q

Does a typical plant cell have a chloroplast?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Does an animal cell have a chloroplast?

A

No

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16
Q

Definition of Nucleus?

A

Large organelle surrounded by porous membrane. Contains chromosomes and controls cellular activities.

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17
Q

Definition of Cytoplasm?

A

The contents of the cell other than the nucleus. More than 90% water and contains ions, salts enzymes and organelles.

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18
Q

Definition of Plasma membrane?

A

A delicate bilayer of phospholipids with associated proteins, enclosing the cytoplasm in all cells. Controls the movement of substances into and out of a cell.

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19
Q

Definition of Cytosol

A

The fluid component of the cytoplasm where the organelles are located.

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20
Q

Definition of Endoplasmic reticulum

A

A network of intracellular membranes. It may be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth (no ribosomes). Involved with production, processing, transport and storage.

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21
Q

Definition of Ribosomes

A

The site of protein production. Can be found free or on ER.

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22
Q

Definition of Golgi body

A

A stack of flat membrane stacks where the final packaging and synthesis of proteins into membrane bound vesicles occurs before they are transported out of a cell.

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23
Q

Definition of Mitochondria

A

The powerhouse of the cell. Where cellular respiration takes place.

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24
Q

Definition of Lysosome

A

Membrane bound vesicles containing powerful enymes that break down debris and foreign material.

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25
Q

Definition of Vesicles

A

Membrane bound organelles associated with transport within a cell.

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26
Q

Definition of Cell wall

A

Made of cellulose and not found in animals. Provides support.

27
Q

Definition of Chloroplast

A

The site of photosynthesis. Contains chlorphyll

28
Q

Definition of Vacuoles

A

Membrane bound liquid filled spaces found in most cells.

29
Q

Definition of Organelle

A

Membrane bound compartments that have one or more specific jobs to perform in a cell.

30
Q

What does an animal cell have that a plant cell doesn’t?

A

Cilia and centrioles

31
Q

What does an plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t

A

Cell wall and chloroplasts.

32
Q

What do both plant & animal cells have

A

Golgi body, cytoplasm, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, nucleolus, ribosome, mitochondrion, vacuole, cell membrane.

33
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

Mother cells that can become any type of cell in the body. They can self renew or multiply while maintaining the potential to develop into other cells.

34
Q

What are the types of stem cells?

A

Pluripotent stem cells, Fetal stem cells, Adult stem cells

35
Q

What is a pluripotent stem cell?

A

They can divide for long periods of time and still form different cell types

36
Q

What is a fetal stem cell?

A

Can make only muscle cells.

37
Q

What is an adult stem cell?

A

Found in bone marrow.

38
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

(MADE FROM DNA CONTAINS GENES) which contain the instructions for controlling cell metabolism and organism’s development,

Condensed form: organised into visible structures during cell division only. Comprised of cellular DNA and proteins called chromatin.

39
Q

What is a Nucleus?

A

Contains chromosomes which carry the inherited genetic information. Nuclear membrane controls the entry and exit of substances from the nucleus.

40
Q

What is the Mitochondria?

A

Site of energy production for the cell (ATP). It’s structure is: Cristae is the folded inner membrane which is the site of the respiratory chain. The matrix is the fluid within the mitochondria which is the site of the Krebs cycle.

41
Q

What is Lysosomes

A

Membrane bound ‘bag’ of enzymes. Involve in destruction of foreign bodies and unwanted organelles in the cell.

42
Q

What are Ribosomes

A

Can exist freely in the cytoplasm as well as bound to endoplasmic reticulum. Site of translation phase of protein synthesis. Composed of 2 sub units made of ribosomal RNA and protein.

43
Q

What is Cell membrane

A

Fluid double layer of fats (phospholipid bi-layer) Mobile proteins controls energy and exit of cellular substances.

44
Q

What is Cell wall

A

Made of cellulose (in a matrix of protein and polysaccharide) provides a tough structural framework for the cell.

45
Q

What is Centrioles

A

Composed of triplet microtubules. They organise the formation of spindles that are involved in chromosome separation during cell division. Pairs of centrioles are found in animal and lower plant cells.

46
Q

What is Chloroplasts

A

Specialised plastids which are the site of photosynthesis Membranes are organised in stacks (called grana) containing the pigment chlorophyll. Some photosynthesis reactions occur in the fluid between the membranes (stroma).

47
Q

What is Golgi bodies

A

Plate like sacs associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Packages, stores and transports cellular secretions.

48
Q

What is Nucleolus

A

Site of RNA and ribosomes production and storage.

49
Q

What is Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Much folded membrane continuous with the nuclear membrane. Two types smooth and rough. Smooth Type: Lacks ribosomes and is involved in transportation of all manufactured products. Rough Type: Has membrane bound ribosomes.

50
Q

What is Vacuoles

A

Fluid filled membranes. Stores excess water, waste products and organic compounds (e.g proteins). Large vacuoles in plants cells , small vacuoles are called vesicles.

51
Q

What is Cytoplasm

A

All the cell contents bounded by the cell membrane but excluding any nuclei. Organelles are suspended with the cytosol (cell sap) and together they comprise the cytoplasm.

52
Q

Name an organelle only found in plants

A

Chloroplast

53
Q

Give the name of the organelle that is known as the powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

54
Q

Where do you often find ribosomes

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

55
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane

A

Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

56
Q

What does bi-layer mean

A

two layers

57
Q

What does semi permeable membrane mean

A

It will only allow certain substances into and out of the cell.

58
Q

What are the 3 key words to do with the cell membrane/plasma membrane

A
  1. Hydrophobic
  2. Hydrophilic
  3. Phospholipid
59
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

Water hating

60
Q

What does Hydrophilic mean?

A

Water loving

61
Q

What is a phospholipid

A

A phospholipid bilayer: the phosphate group is hydrophilic the lipid is hydrophobic.

62
Q

What does flaccid mean?

A

A cell that is limp and floppy

63
Q

What is G1 of the cell cycle

A

The stage in the cell cycle where the cell grows and does its job

64
Q

What is G2 of the cell cycle

A

The stage in the cell cycle where the replicated chromosomes are checked for mistakes

Science (27 decks)

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