Level 1 Physical Science Chemistry Internal Flashcards
What are the 4 chemical reactions you will need to investigate?
1) Combination reaction
2) Precipitation reaction
3) Displacement reaction
4) Thermal decomposition reaction
What are the 4 things you will need to do in the internal?
1) Decide the type of reaction
2) Link your observations to the chemical equation
3) Write a balanced chemical equation
4) Justify your observation using the chemical rules
What is a combination reaction
When two elements are combined to form a compound.
What is this reaction:
Mg + O₂ —-> MgO
Combination
How would you explain this combination reaction:
Mg + O₂ —-> MgO
Magnesium ATOM has lost 2e⁻ forming Mg²⁺. The 2e⁻ have been gained by the oxygen atom forming O²⁻. Balanced equation: 2Mg + O₂ —-> 2MgO
How would you explain this combination reaction:
Fe + O₂ —-> Fe₂O₃
4Fe atoms have lost 12 electrons forming 4Fe³⁺ ions. The 12e⁻ have been gained by 6 oxygen atoms. Forming 6O₂ ions. Balanced symbol equation: 4Fe + 3O₂ —-> 2Fe₂O₃
What is this reaction:
Fe + O₂ —-> Fe₂O₃
Combination reaction
How do you know if a reaction is a combination reaction?
If its an element being mixed with an element to form a compound
How do you know if a reaction is a Precipitation reaction?
Two aqueous solutions
How do you know if a reaction is a thermal decomposition reaction?
A metal compound breaks apart into elements or simpler compounds using heat
How do you know if a reaction is a displacement reaction?
When a metal replaces another metal in a compound
What is a precipitate?
a solid formed by a change in a solution, often due to a chemical reaction or change in temperature that decreases solubility of a solid.
What is a soluble substance?
capable of being dissolved especially in water
What is a insoluble substance?
a substance (solid) that will not dissolve in a solvent even after mixing
What is a spectator ion?
A spectator ion is an ion that doesn’t participate in a reaction.
What is the metal activity series?
The activity series for metals lists the metals, in order, from most reactive metal to least reactive metal
What does the atomic number of an element tell you?
It tells us the position on the periodic table, the number of protons it has and it DEFINES the ELEMENT
What is an ion
An atom or group of atoms that have gained or lost electrons
What does the relative atomic mass tell us?
It tells us the number of protons & neutrons together
What is a precipitation reaction?
When two aqueous solutions (ionic compounds dissolved in water) are mixed to create an insoluble precipitate (ionic solid) and a soluble product.
What are the 7 things you need to do with a precipitation reaction?
1) Define a Precipitation reaction
2) Name the 2 solutions you mixed
3) Observations of the reaction
2) Word equation
3) (balanced) Symbol equation
4) Spectator ions
5) Name the precipitate formed (refer to solubility rules)
6) Name the other product formed say why its not precipitate via solubility rules
7) Ionic equation
When will a solute dissolve in a solvent?
A solute WILL dissolve in a solvent if the forces of attraction between the solvent and solute are great enough to overcome the forces of attraction between the solute particles.
When will a solute NOT dissolve in a solvent?
A solute WILL NOT dissolve if the forces of attraction between the solute and solvent are weaker than the forces of attraction between the solute particles.
What will happen when a ionic substance dissolves in water
When an ionic substance dissolves in water it will dissociate into its constituent ions.
What is dissociation
It is when an ionic compound ‘dissociates’ in water and splits into its constituent ions that is in solution.
What is an ionic equation
An ionic equation is a chemical equation in which the reactants or the products are written as dissociated ions.
What can ionic equations also be used for?
Ionic equations can also be used to the formation of a new product from dissociated ions
What is a displacement reaction?
A displacement reaction is a reaction in which a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from within a compound. (the metal ion will get dissolved in solution so the metal ion is free to react. A more reactive metal on the activity series replaces a less reactive metal ion from in the less reactive ions solution.
What is a reactive metal
A reactive metal is one that loses electrons easily to form ions
What happens in a displacement reaction
A metal is put in a solution containing the ions of a less reactive metal. The more reactive metal displaces the less reactive metal from the solution. The products are a metal and metal ions in solution.
What are the 3 things you have to do in a displacement reaction
1) Observations of reaction
2) Spectator ion
3) Balanced ionic equation
What is the structure of the paragraph you have to write for a precipitation reaction?
This reaction is a PRECIPITATION reaction. A precipitation reaction occurs when two aqueous solutions combine to form a precipitate. The 2 solutions I mixed were __________ and ___________
When this happened I saw (observation) ________________________________________________________________________The 2 ions came together to for this precipitation were ____________ and ____________
The precipitate that was formed was called (name and formula) ________________________________________________
I know this is the precipitate because, according to the SOLUBILITY RULE # ________________________________________________
The 2 ions _______________ and ______________ are the SPECTATOR ions. They did not make a precipitate. I know this because according to the SOLUBILITY RULE # ________________________________________________
Ionic equation for the precipitate: ________________________
When does a displacement reaction occur?
A displacement reaction occurs when a MORE REACTIVE METAL displaces a LESS REACTIVE METAL from its compound.
What happens in a thermal decomposition reaction?
In a thermal decomposition reaction a compound is separated into smaller chemical species using heat. The species formed can be elements or simpler compounds.
When can decomposition reactions occur?
Decomposition can occur in the presence of heat (thermal decomposition), a catalyst (catalytic decomposition) or an electrical current (electrolytic decomposition)
What are the products formed from a decomposition reaction
A metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas
What are aqueous solutions
Solutions of ionic solids containing separate positive ions and negative ions surrounded by water molecules
What do precipitation reactions produce (when 2 aq solutions are mixed)
A solid (s)
What is the formula for a precipitation reaction?
Ion A+(aq) + Ion B-(aq) —-> Precipitate AB (s)
What is this reaction?:
2KCl (aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂ (aq) —> 2KNO₃ (aq) + PbCl₂ (s)
A Precipitation reaction
What are the key points on writing formula for Precipitation reactions?
- The spectator ions are the ions that remain dissolved throughout the reaction.
- Spectator ions get ignored.
- The other ions join to form the precipitate.
- We write an ionic equation with only the ions involved in the precipitate we DONT include the spectator ions
What would be the ionic equation for this precipitation reaction?:
2KCl (aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂ (aq) —> 2KNO₃ (aq) + PbCl₂ (s)
Pb²⁺ (aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq) —–> PbCl₂ (s)
What is the equation for a displacement reaction?
CuSO₄ (aq) + Mg (s) —–> MgSO₄ (aq) + Cu (s)
What are the 6 steps in a displacement reaction?
1) Define a displacement reaction
2) State which metal is the most reactive and which is the least (refer to activity series)
3) What displaces what, why? (refer to activity series)
4) Write observations
5) What was the spectator ion
6) Write ionic equation
What is the structure of the paragraph you have to write for a displacement reaction?
This reaction is a displacement reaction. A displacement reaction occurs when (definition) ________________________________________________.
If the solid metal is more reactive than the metal ion in solution, the solid metal will displace the metal ion from the compound, creating two new products.
In this reaction I mixed the metal ___________with an aqueous solution of _______________________
Because ___________is higher up the activity series than ____________, the ___________displaced _________________from solution.
This created two new products (name and formula of each) _________________ and _________________
When this happened, I saw (observations) ________________________________________________________________________
The spectator ion was ___________________
Ionic Equation: ________________________
When does combination reaction occur?
A combination reaction occurs when two reactants combine to make a single product that is more stable.
What is the rule for a combination reaction?
A + B ——> AB
When will atoms of different elements react with each other?
Atoms of different elements will react with each other if the new substance formed is more stable than the 2 original substances.
How do atoms of different elements react with each other?
They will do this by either sharing electrons (and forming a covalent bond) or donating/accepting electrons (and forming an ionic bond).
Sometimes energy (heat) is needed to start the reaction.
What are the 6 steps in a combination reaction?
1) Define combination reaction
2) What were the reactants
3) What was the product
4) What were the observations
5) Link the observation to the product
6) Give word and symbol equations
What is the structure of the paragraph you have to write for a combination reaction?
Definition: A combination reaction is (definition) ________________________________________________
The reactants are ____________ and ____________.
When ____ and ____ combine, in the presence of heat, they make one product ______________________.
___ has lost ___________________and ___ has gained _____________________.
They combine to make an ______________________.
When this happened I saw (observations) ________________________________________________.
The ________________ was ________________________.
Word Equation: ________________________
Balanced Symbol Equation: ________________________
What does a thermal decomposition reaction involve?
Thermal decomposition reactions involve breaking one compound into two or more simpler compounds using HEAT.
What is a thermal decomposition reaction
When one compound is broken into two or more simpler compounds using HEAT.
What is the rule for thermal decomposition reactions?
AB —-> A + B
How can we test for the presence of CO₂ in a decomposition reaction
With limewater, it will go cloudy if there is CO₂ bubbling through it.
What are the 8 steps in a Thermal decomposition reaction?
1) Define thermal decomposition reaction
2) What is the reactant?
3) What did you do to turn it into the product?
4) What were the observations?
5) Link the observation to the product
6) How can we prove the presence of one of the products?
7) Word & chemical equations
8)
What must you do when writing your report?
Refer to chemicals by name not it or they!!!!!
What do you need to do to get excellence?
- All observations
- Classify 3 reactions correctly
- 3 word equations correct
- 3 symbol equations
- Report explains activity series and solubility rules for 3 reactions
What 2 reactions do you only do word and symbol equations and not ionic for?
Combination and Thermal decomposition
What 2 reactions do you do ionic equations for?
Precipitation and displacement
What is the structure of the paragraph you have to write for a thermal decomposition reaction?
Definition: Thermal decomposition reaction is (definition) ________________________________________________.
The reactant is ____________
I did ________________________________________________ to turn ___________________ into ___________ and ___________
The products were ____________ and _____________
I observed (observations) ________________________________________________________________________
The _____________________ was ____________________
I can prove the presence of ________________ by ________________________________________________
Word equation: ________________________Symbol equation: ________________________
