Leukocytes Flashcards
leukopoiesis
making white blood cells
innate immune system
born with defense
granulocytes and monocytes
adaptive immune system
adapts and learns immunity
lymphocytes
neutrophils
part of the early stages of inflammation
chemotaxis= directional movement of a cell along a gradient
remain in circulation for 7-12 hours
work through phagocytosis and releases granules (which kills and digests bacteria)
left shift
immature neutrophils
what is the maturation cycle of a neutrophil?
myeloblast —> promyelocyte —> myleocyte —> metamyelocyte —> band —> neutrophil
right shift
hyper-segmented neutrophil
can be caused from prolonged storage (neutrophils keep maturing in EDTA tube) or from glucocorticoids
toxic change
morphologic changes to a cell caused by interruptions to maturation
what are some things you might see when there is toxic change going on?
Dohle bodies (thought to be part of the endoplasmic reticulum), cytoplasmic basophilia, cytoplasmic foaminess/vacuolization, toxic granulation
eosinophils
seen with parasites, allergies, and asthma
hypersensitivity reactions
basophils
contains histamine and heparin
synthesize cytokines that initiate and modulate the inflammatory response
mast cells are a type of basophil
histamine
plays a role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions
heparin in the body
inhibits coagulation
inflammation initiates clotting
monocytes
phagocytosis
regulation of inflammation
migration to tissues: macrophages (phagocytosis in tissue) and dendritic cells (activates T cell response)
lymphocyte types
B lymphocyte: antibody production, adaptive (humoral immunity)
T lymphocyte: destroys pathogen induced cells, adaptive (cell-mediated immunity)
NK lymphocyte: kills abnormal cells, defense against infections and tumors, innate immune system
