About clinpath Flashcards
clinical pathology definition
diagnosis of disease based on body fluid/ tissue samples
quality assurance
maintaining standards to ensure accurate results
what is important for specimen management?
wrapping properly to avoid contamination, proper storage, proper shipping (dry ice, formalin, rabies)
accuracy
how close results are to true value
precision
reproducibility of results, magnitude of random errors
reliability
test method is accurate and precise
pre-analytic sources of errors
biologic: improper fasting, blood clots in anti-coagulated blood
non-biologic: mislabeled/unlabeled tubes, wrong tube, improper handling/preparation, delays in testing/transport
analytic sources of errors
equipment problems
post-analytical sources of errors
incorrect data entry, assigning results to wrong patient, loss of data
record management
medical records (legality, AAHA), IACUC (protocols, injection charts, USDA inspections, medical ethics)
how do you calculate total magnitude of a microscope?
eyepiece x objective lens
refractometer
measures refractive index
calibrated with distilled water
used to find the specific gravity of urine and protein concentration of plasma/fluids
centrifuges
separates substances by density
types: single sample, multi-purpose, swinging arm/horizontal head (tube swings 90 degrees), fixed angle (more common, keeps sample at 45-50 degree angle)
other lab equipment
refrigerator/freezer (for samples, reagents, stains, test kits), incubators (for microbiology samples, keep at 37 degrees C and include a dish of water for humidity), water baths/heat block, aliquot mixer
types of stains
simple: new methylene blue, sedi-stain
differential: romanowsky stains (diff quick, wrights-giemsa), gram stain, acid fast stain
