External parasites Flashcards

1
Q

arthropods (invertebraes)

A

insects and arachnids

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2
Q

insects

A

ex: flies, fleas, lice
have 6 legs
have antennae
have a head, thorax, and abdomen

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3
Q

arachnids

A

ex: ticks, mites
have 8 legs
have no antennae
have a cephalothorax and a body

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4
Q

lice (louse)

A

infestation: pediculosis
species specific
wingless
direct contact transmission
life cycle: nit (egg) —> nymph

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5
Q

what are the two types of lice?

A

mallophagia: biting/chewing
have a big head, move fast
anoplura: sucking
have narrower heads with piercing mouthparts, have large pincer claws, and can lead to anemia from sucking so much blood

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6
Q

diplerans

A

insects with wings
ex: flies, gnats, midges, mosquitos
infestation of fly larvae (maggots): myiasis or fly strike

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7
Q

what are examples of biting flies?

A

horse fly, deer fly, sand fly

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8
Q

hypoderma spp

A

“cattle grub”
eggs cluster for months then migrate to back forming nodules and breathing hole
larvae emerge and pupate on the ground
causes severe inflammatory reactions, bloat, paralysis if larvae die while along the esophagus or spinal cord

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9
Q

cuterebra spp

A

bot flies
cause benign SQ lesions called “warbles”
creates breathing hole
prone to secondary infection
they don’t feed off the host, just go through maturation stages while in host
in rodents and rabbits, opportunistic in dog and cat

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10
Q

gastrophilus spp

A

bot flies
DH: horses, large animals
“stomach bot”, “throat bot”, “nose bot”
flies lay eggs which are licked up by DH, stomach bot then incubates in mouth and swallowed which allows it to migrate to the stomach
CS: head shaking, salivation, ulcers

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11
Q

melophagus ovinus

A

flies
“sheep ked”
hairy and leathery
only dipteran that is wingless
strong legs with claws
DH: sheep and goats
blood feeders

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12
Q

fleas

A

DH: cats, dogs, other mammals
piercing/sucking mouthparts for blood feeding
act as IHs and can transmit disease (ex: Dipylidium caninum and Bartonella hensla)

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13
Q

ctenocephalides felis

A

cat flea
most common flea of dogs and cats
life cycle: egg –> larva –> pupa –> adult
can complete its life cycle in 2 weeks
lays eggs on host (up to 50 per day)

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14
Q

flea treatment and prevention

A

treat all pets in the household
treat indoor environment (treat area where pets sleep, vacuum, insecticides)
treat outdoor environment (remove organic debris, good lawn care, insecticides)

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15
Q

mosquitos

A

types: anopheles, aedes, culex
normal behavior to swarm
can cause anemia
eggs laid in water or damp soil
human infections: Malaria, West Nile, Zika, etc
animal infections: Dirofilaria immitus, EEE, WEE, West Nile, Malaria

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16
Q

ticks

A

infestation: acariasis
argasid: soft ticks
ixodes: hard ticks
blood feeders

17
Q

what causes flea dermatitis?

A

flea saliva because it stops the blood from clotting

18
Q

rhipicephalus sanguineus

A

brown dog tick
carries: Erlichia, Babesia, RMSF (rocky mountain spotted fever)

19
Q

ixodes scapularis

A

deer/black-legged tick
Lyme vector

20
Q

dermascentor variabilis

A

dog/wood tick
RMSF vector

21
Q

what is the tick life cycle?

A

egg –> larva –> nymph –> adult
eggs laid off host
larva: 6 legs
nymph: 8 legs
nymphs feed on white-footed mice

22
Q

mites

A

infestation: acariasis
life cycle: egg –> larva –> nymph –> adult
spend entire life cycle on host
direct contact transmission
causes mange
use skin scraping to diagnose (burrowing and non-burrowing types)

23
Q

demodex spp

A

NF meaning they are normal flora
immune system keeps in check but if animal is stressed or is immunocompromised they will cause infection
infestation: demodicosis
CS: alopecia but not pruritic
deep skin scrape used to diagnose

24
Q

sarcoptes scabiei

A

similar to demodex where infection only happens under stress or immunocompromised
scabies, sarcoptic mange
host specific
difficult to find on scrape (deep scrape needed)
CS: very pruritic, crusting, alopecia
transmission by direct contact
zoonotic

25
Q

notoedres cati

A

feline scabies mite
rare but extremely contagious
similar to sarcoptes

26
Q

knemidokoptes spp

A

scaly leg/face mite of birds
skin scrape to diagnose

27
Q

cheyetiella spp

A

“walking dandruff”
visible to naked eye
tape test or hair pluck (DTM) to diagnose

28
Q

psorpotes spp

A

hosts: ruminants, horses, rabbits
non-burrowing mites
highly contagious
CS: dermatitis and hair loss
results in economic losses
USDA reportable

29
Q

chorioptes

A

hosts: ruminants, horses, rabbits
non-burrowing mite
itchy leg mite
“night crazies”
CS: crusting, pruritic, alopecia

30
Q

otodectes spp

A

ear mites
CS: scratching ears, shaking head