Lesson Six: Logic Games and Reading Comprehension Flashcards
–LOGIC GAMES–
In Lesson Five, we reviewed how to diagram and solve grouping games that are defined, that is when the exact number of variables to be selected for a grouping game is given. Here, in Lesson Six, we review how to solve grouping games when you are faced with undefined and partially defined grouping.
Undefined Grouping
When you’re not given the exact number of variables for a grouping game.
OR
when there are multiple possibilities as to how many variables can be selected for a grouping game.
Partially-Defined Grouping
when you’re given the minimum or maximum number of variables that could be selected for a grouping game, but NOT given the exact number.
In Partially Defined Grouping Games, if you have the _____________ number of variables that could be selected for a grouping game, ALWAYS try to find the ______________.
minimum; maximum
Example Question:
“There are 2 committees–the Planting Committee and the Trails Committee. Each committee is to be made up of 7 potential candidates – F, G, H, J, K, L, and M. The forming of the committees must adhere to the following conditions:
Each committee must have at least 3 members.
F cannot be on the same committee as K.
If K is on a committee, J must also be on that committee.
M must be on at least one of the committees.
The two committees must have at least one member in common.”
Rules:
- Identify what type of grouping game this is (partially defined or undefined).
- Choose the base (there is a correct answer).
- Diagram the rules, their contrapositives, and create inferences based on the rules.
Undefined Grouping Game: they don’t give the exact number of variables that are to be selected for the respective committees.
Base: For your base, you should have two separate variable sets, one for the Planting Committee, and another for the Trails.
P: ___ ___ ____ (3-?) (there could be more than 3 for each base)
T: ___ ___ ____ (3-?)
Rules:
F → ̶K̶ (Contrapositive: K → ̶F̶)
K → J (Contrapositive: ̶J̶ → ̶K̶)
M must be on AT LEAST ONE of the committees (split dual option)
Plains: M/ ___ ___
Trails : /M ___ ___
Each committee has one member in common.
Inferences:
(F←|→K)
There is an important distinction between inferences that can be made when the necessary conditions, both in the rule itself and it’s contrapositive, are negated.
For example:
K → ̶P̶
Contrapositive says P→ ̶K̶
Both in the rule and in it’s contrapositive, the necessary condition is negated. This allows you to form the inference K←|→P, because K and P can NEVER be selected together.
So, in the hypothetical slots, if K is selected for the grouping game, you know P won’t be there, and if P is selected, K won’t be there.
BOTH can’t be selected.
AT LEAST 1 is in.
BOTH could be out.
This is DIFFERENT from the inferences that can be formed from rules in which in the rule, and in it’s contrapositive, the sufficient condition is negated.
For example:
̶T̶ → K
Contrapositive says ̶K̶ → T
Both in the rule and in it’s contrapositive, the sufficient condition is negated.
Here you CANNOT make the inference that T←|→K. That is NOT what this condition implies.
What this DOES imply is that if you don’t have T, you’ve gotta have K.
If you don’t have K, you’ve gotta have T. These rules essentially say, if you don’t have one, you have to have the other. So the ONLY WAY this should be represented in a Dual Option on your hypothetical slots.
K/T ___ ____ __…
This dual option basically says “K or T” where the or is inclusive, such that could have both of them in the slot (K T __ __…).
BOTH can be selected.
AT LEAST 1 is in.
BOTH can’t be out (it’s a dual option, one of them MUST be there).
REMINDER: Take time to THOROUGHLY diagram, especially the inferences. Those really help a lot during grouping games. The questions are asked and the answers are orchestrated in such a way that you’re expected to know every inference, but don’t get too lost in making too many connections (you don’t want to waste time).
–READING COMPREHENSION–
What is Passage Diagramming?
Making markings and notations while the reading the passage, to create a visual summary of the information.
This visual summary will allow you to…
1) Track the flow of information in the passage.
2) Readily locate needed information during questioning because it’s now obvious due to your annotations.
Provided Tools for Diagramming
On your digital screen you have 3 tools at your disposal: 3 colored highlighters, and black underlining.
You will also have a pen/pencil and scratch paper.
Passage Diagram
Combination of markings made digitally on the passage, and written notations on paper from reading the passage.
Passage Markings (Virtual):
Consist of 3 colored highlighters and underlining.
Passage Markings (Virtual): Basic Underlining and Highlighting
You should only be underlining or highlighting _______________ _______________ and _______________ ______________ in the passage.
decisive information; turning points
Passage Markings (Virtual): Basic Underlining and Highlighting
You should only be highlighting parts of the passage that are of ____________ __________. Also PowerScore cautions against using different ______________ highlighters for different parts of the _______________ because it’s time ______________.
high value; colored; passage; consuming
