Lesson 9 Terms

Question 1

Aneuploidy mutations

Answer 1

the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes

Question 2

Cloning

Answer 2

genetic duplicates

Question 3

Deletion

Answer 3

occurs when a nucleotide is removed from the DNA causing a frameshift

Question 4

Eugenics

Answer 4

Means “good origins”; The goal of eugenics is to increase the types of people seen as desirable and decrease the populations of people seen as undesirable.

Question 5

Frame shift

Answer 5

when all the nucleotides in the DNA are shifted down by one

Question 6

Genetic engineering

Answer 6

when genes of an organism are changed through artificial means to alter an organism’s phenotype

Question 7

inversion

Answer 7

occurs when a segment breaks off and reattaches in the correct place, but inverted—upside down

Question 8

Macroevolution

Answer 8

the theory that massive changes take place over long periods of time, altering a species into something very different

Question 9

Microevolution

Answer 9

refers to small changes you see in a species over time

Question 10

Monosomy

Answer 10

instead of a homologous pair, there is just one chromosome

Question 11

Mutation

Answer 11

errors in the genetic code

Question 12

Natural Selection

Answer 12

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

Question 13

Point mutation

Answer 13

errors in the genes where one or more nucleotide in the sequence is changed in the sequence.

Question 14

Regulatory genes

Answer 14

code for proteins which turn genes on and off

Question 15

Structural genes

Answer 15

responsible for coding outward appearance and inward components of a person’s cells

Question 16

Translocation

Answer 16

occurs when broken pieces of chromosome attach to the wrong chromosome

Question 17

Trisomy

Answer 17

instead of a homologous pair, there are three chromosomes