Lesson 2 Terms Flashcards
Chemistry
the study of matter
Cells
the smallest living organisms
Atoms
atoms are the building blocks of elements
Protons
the positive-charged component of atoms
Neutrons
the component of atoms that has no charge
Electrons
the negative-charged component of atoms
Valence Shell
the outermost electron shell in an atom
Valence Electron
the electrons in the valence shell
Octet rule
most elements are most stable with eight electrons in the valence shell
Ion
an atom with a positive or negative charge
Amino Acids
the building blocks of proteins (20 different kinds0
Carbohydrates
Compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What do Carbohydrates do?
- give energy to living cells
2. provide structure to things like plants, fungi, and insects
Carbon
an important element for life
- has 6 protons and 6 electrons, meaning that its outer shell has 4 electrons
- this means it can form single, double, or even triple bonds with other atoms
Chemical reaction
when atoms come together to make a molecule or when a molecule breaks apart into atoms
Cholesterol
what cell membranes are made of (a lipid).
Covalent Bond
force between two or more atoms sharing electrons in their outer shell
Electron Shell
the areas in an atom in which electrons exist, orbiting the nucleus of the atom
Elements
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
Enzyme
a type of protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction
Fatty Acid
a long carbon chain with hydrogen bonded to the chain
The First Law of Thermodynamics
matter cannot be created or destroyed
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy; given enough time, everything will wear down
Ionic bond
the force connecting a positive and negative ion
Lipids
Lipids include fats, waxes and steroids
What are lipids used for?
lipids are used for energy, insulation, and protection
Matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
Non-polar bonding
when the electrons are evenly distributed among the atoms
Nucleic acids
Found in the nucleus of a cell; made of nucleotides, which form DNA and RNA
Nucleus
the center of an atom, made of protons and neutrons
Organic Chemistry
a study of the common elements that make up living things and all that is derived from living things
Polar
having electrical or magnetic polarity.
Product
the molecule that results from a chemical reaction
Proteins
50 or more amino acids linking together
Proteins form the structure of the cell
Proteins carry out different jobs
Proteins act as chemical messengers
Steriods
4 carbon rings with a tail
Reactants
the atoms that come together to form a molecule
What do steroids do?
Some steroids carry messages
