Lesson 2 Terms

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

the study of matter

Question 2

Cells

Answer 2

the smallest living organisms

Question 3

Atoms

Answer 3

atoms are the building blocks of elements

Question 4

Protons

Answer 4

the positive-charged component of atoms

Question 5

Neutrons

Answer 5

the component of atoms that has no charge

Question 6

Electrons

Answer 6

the negative-charged component of atoms

Question 7

Valence Shell

Answer 7

the outermost electron shell in an atom

Question 8

Valence Electron

Answer 8

the electrons in the valence shell

Question 9

Octet rule

Answer 9

most elements are most stable with eight electrons in the valence shell

Question 10

Ion

Answer 10

an atom with a positive or negative charge

Question 11

Amino Acids

Answer 11

the building blocks of proteins (20 different kinds0

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

Compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 13

What do Carbohydrates do?

Answer 13

1. give energy to living cells

2. provide structure to things like plants, fungi, and insects

Question 14

Carbon

Answer 14

an important element for life

1. has 6 protons and 6 electrons, meaning that its outer shell has 4 electrons
2. this means it can form single, double, or even triple bonds with other atoms

Question 15

Chemical reaction

Answer 15

when atoms come together to make a molecule or when a molecule breaks apart into atoms

Question 16

Cholesterol

Answer 16

what cell membranes are made of (a lipid).

Question 17

Covalent Bond

Answer 17

force between two or more atoms sharing electrons in their outer shell

Question 18

Electron Shell

Answer 18

the areas in an atom in which electrons exist, orbiting the nucleus of the atom

Question 19

Elements

Answer 19

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 20

Enzyme

Answer 20

a type of protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 21

Fatty Acid

Answer 21

a long carbon chain with hydrogen bonded to the chain

Question 22

The First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 22

matter cannot be created or destroyed

Question 23

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 23

Entropy; given enough time, everything will wear down

Question 24

Ionic bond

Answer 24

the force connecting a positive and negative ion

Question 25

Lipids

Answer 25

Lipids include fats, waxes and steroids

Question 26

What are lipids used for?

Answer 26

lipids are used for energy, insulation, and protection

Question 27

Matter

Answer 27

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 28

Non-polar bonding

Answer 28

when the electrons are evenly distributed among the atoms

Question 29

Nucleic acids

Answer 29

Found in the nucleus of a cell; made of nucleotides, which form DNA and RNA

Question 30

Nucleus

Answer 30

the center of an atom, made of protons and neutrons

Question 31

Organic Chemistry

Answer 31

a study of the common elements that make up living things and all that is derived from living things

Question 32

Polar

Answer 32

having electrical or magnetic polarity.

Question 33

Product

Answer 33

the molecule that results from a chemical reaction

Question 34

Proteins

Answer 34

50 or more amino acids linking together
Proteins form the structure of the cell
Proteins carry out different jobs
Proteins act as chemical messengers

Question 35

Steriods

Answer 35

4 carbon rings with a tail

Question 36

Reactants

Answer 36

the atoms that come together to form a molecule

Question 37

What do steroids do?

Answer 37

Some steroids carry messages