Lesson 3 Terms Flashcards
Active Transport
using energy to move molecules from a lower to a higher concentration
Brownian motion
the random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid
Cell
the smallest unit of life
Chlorophasts
the organelles found only in autotrophs which are responsible for photosynthesis
Chromatin (The Riot and the Dance)
a complex of DNA and proteins within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Cytology
the study of cells
Cytoplasm
fluid inside the cells, contains molecules and organelles
Cytoskeleton
a network of fibers that give the cell its shape
Diffusion
molecules move from high concentration to lower concentration
Endocytosis
movement into the cell
Eukaryote
the type of cells in multicellular organisms
Exocytosis
movement out of the cell
Fluid Mosaic Model
A way of understanding what cell membranes are and do. Cellular membranes are not a solid barrier but the lipids move like a fluid with cholesterols, proteins, and carbs embedded in the membrane.
Golgi apparatus
a) Serves as the shipping center of the cell
b) Function: sorts proteins made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum into vesicles
Homeostasis
refers to any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival
Hydrophilic
water loving
Hydrophobic
Water avoiding
Lysosomes
a) Serve as the recycling center of the cell
b) Function: contain enzymes that break down molecules
Mitochondria
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Why is the mitochondria unique?
a) Serve as the power plants of the cell
b) Function: creating energy through cellular respiration
c) Unique compared to other organelles because they self-replicate and have their own DNA
Nuclear envelope
a membrane that separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell
Nucleolus
structures where ribosomes are made
Nucleoplasm
a watery gel-like substance inside the nucleus
Nucleus
the control center of the cell
Organs
several types of tissues that work together to perform a function
Organ systems
a group of organs cooperating to perform a function
Oragnelles
“little organs” inside the cell
Osmosis
similar to diffusion, but with the solvent diluting the solution
Passive transport
no energy needed
Phagocytosis
a cell taking in solid material
Phospholipid bilayer
a) Phospholipids: a hydrophilic (water-loving) head, and two hydrophobic (water-avoiding) tails
b) This forms a bilayer structure (two layers)
Pinocystosis
a cell taking in liquid material
Plasma membrane
the cell membrane, the outer boundary that separates the cell from its environment
Prokaryote
single-celled organisms
Ribosomes
the smallest and most numerous organelles in the cell
Robert Hooke
the very first person to see a cell, using a homemade microscope.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(1) Has ribosomes attached to it, making it look bumpy (2) Function: responsible for producing proteins
Selective permeability
allows certain things in and keeps other things out
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(1) No ribosomes attached, appears to have a smooth surface
(2) Function: responsible for making lipids
Tissues
a group of cells connected together to carry out a specific function
Vacuoles
a) Serve as the storage containers of the cell
b) Function: store food, water, and minerals for the cell
Vesicles
tiny sacs that transport material within or outside the cell
