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Experience Biology > Lesson 28 Terms > Flashcards

Lesson 28 Terms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

bones that attach to the axial skeleton

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2
Q

Axial skeleton

A

bones that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk

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3
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

tissue found only in the heart

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4
Q

Carpal bones

A

wrist bones that attach the hand to the arm

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5
Q

strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone

A

Cartilage

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6
Q

Circulatory System

A

a) Includes: heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries

b) Function: moves blood

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7
Q

Clavicle- bone

A

The clavicle is the bone that connects the breastplate (sternum) to the shoulder
(Collarbone)

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8
Q

Compact bone

A

strong, dense bone found in the diaphysis

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9
Q

Coxal bones

A

two large, heavy bones that attach to the sacrum of the axial skeleton

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10
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of the bone

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11
Q

Digestive system

A

breaks down food into smaller components that can be utilized by the body; filters harmful substances in food

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12
Q

a) Includes: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pineal gland, and the adrenal gland
b) Function: sends chemical messages through the body

A

Endocrine system

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13
Q

Endomysium

A

a protective layer that wraps each muscle fiber

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14
Q

Epimysium

A

surrounds entire muscle

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15
Q

Epiphysis

A

bulging end of the bone

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16
Q

Excretory or Urinary system

Includes and function

A

a) Includes: sweat glands, kidney, bladder, and urethra b) Function: removes wastes

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17
Q

Fascicle

A

bundle of muscle fibers

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18
Q

Femur

A

the bone at the top of the leg

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19
Q

Flat bones

A

protect vital organs, such as the ribs and cranial bones

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20
Q

Fibula

A

Smaller lower leg bone

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21
Q

Haversian canals

A

small tunnels created by osteoclasts as they move through the bones breaking down old bone cells

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22
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

manufactures red blood cells, platelets, and some types of white blood cells in the red bone marrow

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23
Q

large bone at the top of the arm

A

Humerus

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24
Q

a) Includes: white blood cells, lymph nodes and vessels, bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen, and tonsils
b) Function: defense system

A

Immune or Lymphatic system

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25
Q

Insertion

A

location where the muscle attaches to a moveable bone

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26
Q

Integumentary system

A

a) Includes: skin, hair, and nails

b) Function: protection and sensory input

27
Q

Integumentary system

A

a) Includes: skin, hair, and nails

b) Function: protection and sensory input

28
Q

Irregular bones

A

do not fall into one of the other categories

29
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

30
Q

Long bones

A

longer than they are wide, such as the femur and humerus

31
Q

Medullary cavity

A

the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone; contains soft yellow bone marrow

32
Q

Metacarpal bones

A

form the bones of the hand

33
Q

Metatarsals

A

make up the bones of the foot

34
Q

Muscular System

A

a) Includes: muscles and tendons

b) Function: movement and strength

35
Q

Myofibrils

A

threadlike structures that make up muscle fibers

36
Q

Osteoblasts

A

move in to construct new bone matrix inside the Haversian canals

37
Q

Osteoclasts

A

move through our bones and break down old cells to make room for new ones

38
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

attaches the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

39
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton

40
Q

Perimysium

A

connective tissue surrounding a fascicle

41
Q

Periosteum

A

protective sheet encasing the bone

42
Q

Phalanges

A

make up the bones in the fingers

43
Q

Radius

A

lateral bone of the forearm

44
Q

Red bone marrow

A

produces red and white blood cells and platelets

45
Q

Reproductive system

A

a) Includes: testes (male), ovaries (female), and other reproductive organs
b) Function: reproduction

46
Q

Respiratory system

A

a) Includes: lungs, trachea, bronchial tubes, nose, and pharynx
b) Function: supplies the body with oxygen; removes carbon dioxide

47
Q

Scapula

A

floats on the back of the ribs suspended by muscles and ligaments
(Shoulder blade)

48
Q

Short bones

A

about as wide as they are long, such as the phalanges and metacarpals

49
Q

Sinuses

A

hollow spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity

50
Q

a) Includes: bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints

b) Function: provides support and protection

A

Skeletal System

51
Q

a) Usually attached to bones via tendons
b) Give the body shape
c) Striated: the cells appear to have dark and light stripes
d) Primarily controlled voluntarily
e) Primary function is movement of the skeleton
f) Move quickly and powerfully

A

Skeletal muscles

52
Q

Skull

A

composed of cranial and facial bones

53
Q

a) Primary function is to transport materials through the body
b) Does not have striations
c) Movement is involuntary
d) Move materials through the body with slow, powerful, and prolonged contractions

A

Smooth muscle

54
Q

Spongy bone

A

porous bone filled with marrow, nerves, and blood vessels located inside the epiphysis

55
Q

Sutures

A

jagged lines that connect the skull bones together

56
Q

Tarsal bones

A

ankle bones that attach the foot to the leg

57
Q

Tendons

A

dense connective tissue that attaches muscle to bon

58
Q

a) Function: protects vital organs in your thorax and prevents the collapse of the thorax during respiration
b) Composed of 12 pairs of ribs along with associated cartilage and the sternum

A

Thoracic cage

59
Q

Tibia

A

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg (the shin bone)

60
Q

Tissues

A

organized cells

61
Q

Ulna

A

medial bone of the forearm

62
Q

Vertebral column

A

allows the spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord, protects the spinal cord, and supports the weight of the head and trunk

63
Q

gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells

A

Yellow bone marrow

64
Q

Thyroid gland

2. Calcitonin:

A
  1. causes excess blood calcium to be stored in the bones

Experience Biology (62 decks)

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