Lesson 28 Terms Flashcards
Appendicular skeleton
bones that attach to the axial skeleton
Axial skeleton
bones that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk
Cardiac muscle
tissue found only in the heart
Carpal bones
wrist bones that attach the hand to the arm
strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
Cartilage
Circulatory System
a) Includes: heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries
b) Function: moves blood
Clavicle- bone
The clavicle is the bone that connects the breastplate (sternum) to the shoulder
(Collarbone)
Compact bone
strong, dense bone found in the diaphysis
Coxal bones
two large, heavy bones that attach to the sacrum of the axial skeleton
Diaphysis
shaft of the bone
Digestive system
breaks down food into smaller components that can be utilized by the body; filters harmful substances in food
a) Includes: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pineal gland, and the adrenal gland
b) Function: sends chemical messages through the body
Endocrine system
Endomysium
a protective layer that wraps each muscle fiber
Epimysium
surrounds entire muscle
Epiphysis
bulging end of the bone
Excretory or Urinary system
Includes and function
a) Includes: sweat glands, kidney, bladder, and urethra b) Function: removes wastes
Fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers
Femur
the bone at the top of the leg
Flat bones
protect vital organs, such as the ribs and cranial bones
Fibula
Smaller lower leg bone
Haversian canals
small tunnels created by osteoclasts as they move through the bones breaking down old bone cells
Hemopoiesis
manufactures red blood cells, platelets, and some types of white blood cells in the red bone marrow
large bone at the top of the arm
Humerus
a) Includes: white blood cells, lymph nodes and vessels, bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen, and tonsils
b) Function: defense system
Immune or Lymphatic system
Insertion
location where the muscle attaches to a moveable bone
Integumentary system
a) Includes: skin, hair, and nails
b) Function: protection and sensory input
Integumentary system
a) Includes: skin, hair, and nails
b) Function: protection and sensory input
Irregular bones
do not fall into one of the other categories
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
Long bones
longer than they are wide, such as the femur and humerus
Medullary cavity
the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone; contains soft yellow bone marrow
Metacarpal bones
form the bones of the hand
Metatarsals
make up the bones of the foot
Muscular System
a) Includes: muscles and tendons
b) Function: movement and strength
Myofibrils
threadlike structures that make up muscle fibers
Osteoblasts
move in to construct new bone matrix inside the Haversian canals
Osteoclasts
move through our bones and break down old cells to make room for new ones
Pectoral girdle
attaches the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
Pelvic girdle
attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
Perimysium
connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
Periosteum
protective sheet encasing the bone
Phalanges
make up the bones in the fingers
Radius
lateral bone of the forearm
Red bone marrow
produces red and white blood cells and platelets
Reproductive system
a) Includes: testes (male), ovaries (female), and other reproductive organs
b) Function: reproduction
Respiratory system
a) Includes: lungs, trachea, bronchial tubes, nose, and pharynx
b) Function: supplies the body with oxygen; removes carbon dioxide
Scapula
floats on the back of the ribs suspended by muscles and ligaments
(Shoulder blade)
Short bones
about as wide as they are long, such as the phalanges and metacarpals
Sinuses
hollow spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity
a) Includes: bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints
b) Function: provides support and protection
Skeletal System
a) Usually attached to bones via tendons
b) Give the body shape
c) Striated: the cells appear to have dark and light stripes
d) Primarily controlled voluntarily
e) Primary function is movement of the skeleton
f) Move quickly and powerfully
Skeletal muscles
Skull
composed of cranial and facial bones
a) Primary function is to transport materials through the body
b) Does not have striations
c) Movement is involuntary
d) Move materials through the body with slow, powerful, and prolonged contractions
Smooth muscle
Spongy bone
porous bone filled with marrow, nerves, and blood vessels located inside the epiphysis
Sutures
jagged lines that connect the skull bones together
Tarsal bones
ankle bones that attach the foot to the leg
Tendons
dense connective tissue that attaches muscle to bon
a) Function: protects vital organs in your thorax and prevents the collapse of the thorax during respiration
b) Composed of 12 pairs of ribs along with associated cartilage and the sternum
Thoracic cage
Tibia
the medial and larger bone of the lower leg (the shin bone)
Tissues
organized cells
Ulna
medial bone of the forearm
Vertebral column
allows the spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord, protects the spinal cord, and supports the weight of the head and trunk
gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells
Yellow bone marrow
Thyroid gland
2. Calcitonin:
- causes excess blood calcium to be stored in the bones
