Lesson 33 Terms Flashcards
Amniotic sac
A fluid-filled sac which forms around the blastocyst to protect the baby as it grows.
Blastula
Begins when?
The stage of gestation which begins when the morula arrives in the uterus and the mass of cells forms an outer shell layer with an inner fluid-filled cavity, called a blastocyst.
Cervix
The opening to the uterus
Cleavage
when a single cell is converted to a multicellular zygote
Contractions
The tightening and releasing of the muscle of the uterus during labor to move the baby through the birth canal.
the layer of a zygote which will form the epidermis, hair, nails, and nervous system
Ectoderm
Ejaculation
Muscles at the base of the penis force semen filled with sperm through the urethra and out of the penis.
the layer of a zygote which will form the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
Endoderm
Endometrium
lining of the uterus
Epididymis
A tube outside the testes where sperm mature and are stored.
Erectile tissue
Specialized tissue with a lot of space that can fill with blood upon proper stimulation, causing the tissue to become firm.
Where is erectile tissue found?
Erectile tissue is found in the penis, the clitoris, the labia, and the nipples.
One of the female sex hormones, made in the ovaries, and responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system, along with development of secondary sex characteristics.
Estrogen
Fallopian tubes
ducts composed of smooth muscle connected to the uterus and leading to the ovaries.
Fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells (sperm and egg) join to form a new cell
Fetus
The stage of human development starting at 9 weeks gestation, when all major organs have started to grow.
Gastrulation
the process which occurs when cells move inside the blastula and form multiple layers of cells called germ layers
Implantation
The process which occurs when the blastocyst embeds itself into the endometrium.
Menstruation
The process by which the uterus sheds the endometrium lining through the woman’s vagina if the ovum is not fertilized
Mesoderm
the germ layer which develops between the endoderm and ectoderm
the stage of development when the zygote has reached about 16 cells and is approximately 3 days old.
Morula
Oogenesis
the process by which an immature ovum matures.
Organogenesis
The process where all of the embryo’s organs are formed.
Ova
Female reproductive cells, or eggs
Ovaries
the functional center of the female reproductive system; they produce the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone, and produce ova
Ovulation
a process where hormones cause the ovum to rupture and move to one of the fallopian tubes for possible fertilization.
Placenta
an organ that connects the developing baby to the mother via an umbilical cord.
The smaller cell that’s produced during oogenesis, when the cells divide unevenly, which typically dies and disintegrates.
Polar body
Progesterone
One of the two female sex hormones, which helps regulate women’s menstrual cycles.
Prostate gland
A gland in males that, along with the seminal vesicles, produces semen, which is a fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.
Puberty
A time of significant change where the body undergoes sexual maturation
Scrotum
External sac that contains the testes, which keeps them cooler so that spermatogenesis can take place.
Secondary oocyte
The larger cell formed by oogenesis which receives most of the cytoplasm
Seminal vesicles
Along with the prostate gland, produces semen, which is a fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.
Seminiferous tubules
Located within the testes, long tiny tubes where meiosis takes takes place and sperm are produced.
Sexual reproduction
Process by which cells from a male and a female unite to produce the first cell of a new organism.
Sperm
male reproductive cell or gamete
Spermatogenesis
production of sperm cells (occurs in testes)
Testes
the functional center of the male reproductive system; they secrete sex hormones, including testosterone, and produce sperm.
Testosterone
Male sex hormone
Connects the baby to the mother (through the placenta), and allows the baby to obtain nutrients and oxygen from the mother and get rid of wastes and carbon dioxide
Umbilical cord
Urethra
tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
Uterus
a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ where a fetus grows
Vagina
A muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body
Vas deferens
tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the prostate gland to the urethra
Zygote
the organism formed when the sperm and egg cells come together (a brand-new person with his or her own DNA)
