Lesson 16 terms Flashcards
Annual
plants that die every year
Apical bud
bud located at the tip of the stem
Apical meristem
tip of the shoot containing growing tissues
Biennial
plants that survive 2 growing cycles before dying
Blade
thin, flattened section of a plant leaf that collects sunlight
Bud scales
scales that protect dormant buds through winter months
Compound leaf
several blades per petiole (leaflettes)
Cork cambium
layer that’s continually producing new cork cells that form the outer bark
Cortex
the layer where food is stored in the stem and where the phloem is contained
Cuticle
The waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of most plants.
Cytoplasmic streaming
the flow of the cytoplasm inside the cell
Endodermis
boundary area found under the cortex that’s 1 cell thick
Epidermis
found on the outside of the root and is just 1 cell thick.
Fibrovascular bundles
contain the xylem and phloem
Guard cells
The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the opening and closing of the pore.
Herbaceous stems
soft, thin, and flexible stems
Internodes
areas in between nodes
Leaflettes
the blades of a compound leaf
Margin
many different variations used for classifying plants
Maturation region
found above the region of elongation and is where cells differentiate
Meristematic region
found just above the root cap and is where undifferentiated cells reside
Nodes
areas where leaves are produced
Palisade mesophyll
long, column-shaped cells filled with chloroplasts
Palmate venation
midrib with veins that branch out and other veins that branch out from those
Parallel venation
large central vein, midrib, with many more veins running parallel to that vein
Perennial
plants that survive many growing cycles
Petiole
The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem.
Pinnate venation
Midrib with veins that branch out
Pith
the center of a woody stem, visible only in young plants and used for water storage
Region of elongation
found above the meristematic region and is where cells increase in length
Root Cap
found at the very tip of the root, made up of dead thick-walled cells that protect the root
Root hairs
thin extensions of the epidermis increasing the surface area of the root
Sessile
fixed in one place; immobile
Simple leaf
1 blade per petiole
Spongy mesophyll
Stomata
Spongy mesophyll
large, irregularly shaped cells with large spaces between them
Turgid
When guard cells are filled with water, they’re turgid (swollen) and hold the stoma open.
Stomata
controls the rate of gas exchange.
Transpiration
the release of water vapor
Vascular cambium
thin layer separating the xylem from the phloem
Vascular cylinder
area that contains the xylem and phloem, found in the center of the root
Veins
provide structure and transport water and nutrients through vascular tissue
Wood
where the xylem of the wood resides
Woody stems
hard stems that contain bark, pith, and wood
