Lesson 16 terms

Question 1

Annual

Answer 1

plants that die every year

Question 2

Apical bud

Answer 2

bud located at the tip of the stem

Question 3

Apical meristem

Answer 3

tip of the shoot containing growing tissues

Question 4

Biennial

Answer 4

plants that survive 2 growing cycles before dying

Question 5

Blade

Answer 5

thin, flattened section of a plant leaf that collects sunlight

Question 6

Bud scales

Answer 6

scales that protect dormant buds through winter months

Question 7

Compound leaf

Answer 7

several blades per petiole (leaflettes)

Question 8

Cork cambium

Answer 8

layer that’s continually producing new cork cells that form the outer bark

Question 9

Cortex

Answer 9

the layer where food is stored in the stem and where the phloem is contained

Question 10

Cuticle

Answer 10

The waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of most plants.

Question 11

Cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 11

the flow of the cytoplasm inside the cell

Question 12

Endodermis

Answer 12

boundary area found under the cortex that’s 1 cell thick

Question 13

Epidermis

Answer 13

found on the outside of the root and is just 1 cell thick.

Question 14

Fibrovascular bundles

Answer 14

contain the xylem and phloem

Question 15

Guard cells

Answer 15

The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the opening and closing of the pore.

Question 16

Herbaceous stems

Answer 16

soft, thin, and flexible stems

Question 17

Internodes

Answer 17

areas in between nodes

Question 18

Leaflettes

Answer 18

the blades of a compound leaf

Question 19

Margin

Answer 19

many different variations used for classifying plants

Question 20

Maturation region

Answer 20

found above the region of elongation and is where cells differentiate

Question 21

Meristematic region

Answer 21

found just above the root cap and is where undifferentiated cells reside

Question 22

Nodes

Answer 22

areas where leaves are produced

Question 23

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 23

long, column-shaped cells filled with chloroplasts

Question 24

Palmate venation

Answer 24

midrib with veins that branch out and other veins that branch out from those

Question 25

Parallel venation

Answer 25

large central vein, midrib, with many more veins running parallel to that vein

Question 26

Perennial

Answer 26

plants that survive many growing cycles

Question 27

Petiole

Answer 27

The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem.

Question 28

Pinnate venation

Answer 28

Midrib with veins that branch out

Question 29

Pith

Answer 29

the center of a woody stem, visible only in young plants and used for water storage

Question 30

Region of elongation

Answer 30

found above the meristematic region and is where cells increase in length

Question 31

Root Cap

Answer 31

found at the very tip of the root, made up of dead thick-walled cells that protect the root

Question 32

Root hairs

Answer 32

thin extensions of the epidermis increasing the surface area of the root

Question 33

Sessile

Answer 33

fixed in one place; immobile

Question 34

Simple leaf

Answer 34

1 blade per petiole

Question 35

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 35

Stomata

Question 36

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 36

large, irregularly shaped cells with large spaces between them

Question 37

Turgid

Answer 37

When guard cells are filled with water, they’re turgid (swollen) and hold the stoma open.

Question 38

Stomata

Answer 38

controls the rate of gas exchange.

Question 39

Transpiration

Answer 39

the release of water vapor

Question 40

Vascular cambium

Answer 40

thin layer separating the xylem from the phloem

Question 41

Vascular cylinder

Answer 41

area that contains the xylem and phloem, found in the center of the root

Question 42

Veins

Answer 42

provide structure and transport water and nutrients through vascular tissue

Question 43

Wood

Answer 43

where the xylem of the wood resides

Question 44

Woody stems

Answer 44

hard stems that contain bark, pith, and wood