Lesson 32 Terms

Question 1

Alimentary canal

Answer 1

The gastrointestinal tract: a long tube that includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

Question 2

Appendix

Answer 2

A small organ that is part of the digestive system, but not the alimentary canal.

Question 3

Bladder

Answer 3

A small, hollow organ; acts as a storage unit for urine

Question 4

Bolus

Answer 4

A soft mass of tiny bits of chewed food.

Question 5

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 5

Contains the glomerulus and performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine.

Question 6

Cecum

Answer 6

beginning of the large intestine

Question 7

Chyle

Answer 7

lymph fluid which collects fat from digestion, which turns it a milky color

Question 8

Chyme

Answer 8

a liquified mixture of food and gastric juices

Question 9

Colon

Answer 9

the middle portion of the large intestine

Question 10

How many sections is the colon divided into?

Answer 10

divided into ascending, transverse, and descending colon

Question 11

Duodenum

Answer 11

The first part of the small intestine, where digestive juice from the pancreas and liver combine with chyme, making it very thin and watery

Question 12

Esophagus

Answer 12

Tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

Question 13

Filtration

Answer 13

first step in urine formation

Question 14

Gallbladder

Answer 14

A small sac that stores bile, until it is needed, in the small intestine

Question 15

Glomerulus

Answer 15

Network of capillaries within the Bowman’s capsule that serves as the site of filtration.

Question 16

Ileum

Answer 16

The third and longest part of the small intestine, where food continues to be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 17

Intestinal villi

Answer 17

finger-like projections covering the small intestine walls to increase surface area

Question 18

Jejunum

Answer 18

the region where nutrients begin to be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 19

Kidneys

Answer 19

filter wastes from the blood which collect as urine

Question 20

Large intestine

Answer 20

The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

Question 21

Liver

Answer 21

Produces bile to break down fats

Question 22

Macronutrients

Answer 22

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Question 23

Micronutrients

Answer 23

vitamins and minerals

Question 24

Microvilli

Answer 24

smaller projections found on the intestinal villi that further increase surface area

Question 25

inner wall of the small intestine that secretes several enzymes and breaks down food so the nutrients can be absorbed by blood capillaries in the villi

Answer 25

Mucosa

Question 26

Nephrons

Answer 26

The basic filtering units in the kidneys.

Question 27

Amylase is found in

Answer 27

the saliva, and breaks down starches

Question 28

Pancreas function

Answer 28

Releases digestive enzymes to help break down food, and contains a group of cells, the Islet of Langerhans

Question 29

What do the Islet of Langerhans do?

Answer 29

some release the hormone insulin and others release the hormone glucagon which work to balance blood glucose levels

Question 30

Peristalsis

Answer 30

the process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along

Question 31

Pharynx

Answer 31

The throat, where food passes from the mouth to the esophagus

Question 32

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 32

opening from the stomach into the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine)

Question 33

Reabsorption

Answer 33

The second part of urine production, and the process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

Question 34

Rectum

Answer 34

The end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated

Question 35

Renal artery

Answer 35

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

Question 36

Renal tubule

Answer 36

The tube that carries filtrate from the Bowman’s capsule

Question 37

Salivary glands

Answer 37

accessory organs that are part of the digestive system which produce saliva

Question 38

The third and final step in the production of urine, whereby waste products that didn’t get filtered out of the bloodstream in the capillaries are sent to the nephron

Answer 38

Secretion

Question 39

The three-section part of the digestive system in which the most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place.

Answer 39

Small intestine

Question 40

Part of the digestive system; a muscular and elastic sac that serves to store food, break it up mechanically, and begin chemical digestion of proteins and fat.

Answer 40

Stomach

Question 41

Urea

Answer 41

Wastes dissolved in the bloodstream

Question 42

Ureters

Answer 42

The tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Question 43

Urine

Answer 43

A watery fluid produced by the kidneys that contains urea and other wastes