Lesson 8- Social and Economic Issues associated with Urbanisation

Question 1

Economic inequality

Answer 1

The difference between levels of living standards, income etc, across the whole economic distribution of a population.

Question 2

Where is economic inequality evident across the world?

Answer 2

Potentially a key feature of cities in Asia, Africa and South America as there is increasingly large wealth gap between rich and poor residents. E.g Mumbai

Question 3

Social segregation

Answer 3

Groups of people live apart from the larger population due to factors such as wealth, ethnicity, religion or age.

Can be found in small areas like neighbourhoods too, e.g affluent ones, poor ones and improving ones

Question 4

How can housing cause segregation?

Answer 4

• Planners tend to build housing with a particular market in mind
• Wealthier residents can choose where they live but poorer residents have less of a choice

Question 5

How can changing environments cause social segregation?

Answer 5

• Neighbourhoods can change over time as society changes
• Areas can become gentrified

Question 6

How can The ethnic dimension cause social segregation?

Answer 6

• New immagrants may face discrimination in the job market
• Therefore, cant get a higher income and then cant live in same areas as more affluent individuals.

Question 7

CASE STUDY SOCIAL SEGREGATION- Destroit, USA

Answer 7

• Birwood wall built to make gaining a mortgage easier for white people
• Divides community into two halves

Question 8

Index of Multiple Deprivation

Answer 8

Is a UK government qualitative study measuring overall deprivation for every neighbourhood in England

Question 9

What did the 2019 index reveal?

Answer 9

• Lots of deprivation found in large urban conurbations
• Areas that historically had a large manufacturing industrry
• Parts of East London

Question 10

What is the impact of living in an area of multiple deprivation?

Answer 10

• Urban social exclusion
  -people excluded from full potential participation in society by their social and physical circumstances
  -often suffer from poor health and high levels of crime

Question 11

1) How can poverty be tackled in cities?

Answer 11

• Enforcing a living wage or providing an urban subsidy-China has the highest minimum wage of $358 per month and has very high incomes
• Provision of shcooling>long-term economic growth
• Supporting low skilled workers who want to develop their abilities>inclusive labour markets

Question 12

2)How can poverty be tackled in cities?

Answer 12

• Access to affordable housing-The London Living Rent Scheme offers affordable accomodation
• Greater provision of public transport-Colombia, has a cable car system to help its citizens get around
• Enforce minimum environmental standards-can be proven effective through legislation