Lesson 8 Flashcards
muscles can be classified by their _____
function
muscle classification: agonists
prime moves, primarily responsible for producing a particular movement
muscle classification: antagonists
oppose, restrict, or reverse a movement
muscle classification: synergists
aid the action of agonists
muscle classification: ficators
specialize synergists that immobilize the origin of the agonist muscle so all tension is exerted at the insertion
muscles are named on the basis of these 7 things
- direction of the fibers
- relative size
- location
- number of origins
- location of the origin/insertion
- shape of the muscle
- action of the muscle
head and neck: epicranius frontalis
epicranius frontal belly
- origin: epicranial aponeurosis
- insertions: skin of the eyebrows and root of the nose
head and neck: epicranial aponeurosis
area between the frontal belly and occipital belly of the epicranius
head and neck: epicranius occipitalis
epicranius occipital belly
- origins: occipital and temporal bones
- insertion: epicranial aponeurosis
head and neck: orbicularis oculi
close eyes and pull down the eyebrows
head and neck: orbicularis oris
close or protrude lips
head and neck: masseter
closes the jaw
- origins: zygomatic arch and maxilla
- insertions: the angle and ramus of the mandible
head and neck: temporalis
closes the jaw
- located on the temporal bone
head and neck: platysma
opens the jaw and pulls the lower lip down
- origin: over the pectoral muscles
- insertions: lower margin of the mandible, skin, and muscles at the mouth center
head and neck: sternocleidomastoid
neck flexion and head rotation towards the shoulder
- origins: manubrium of the sternum and the medial portion of the clavicle
- insertions: mastoid process of the temporal bone, and superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
head and neck: digastric anterior belly
opens jaw and elevates the hyoid bone
- origins: lower margin of the mandible and mastoid process
- insertion: connective tissue loop of the hyoid bone
portion of the muscle that is medial
head and neck: digastric posterior belly
opens the jaw and elevates the hyoid bone
- origins: lower margin of the mandible and mastoid process
- insertion: connective tissue loop of the hyoid bone
portion of the muscle that is lateral
head and neck: mylohyoid
elevates the hyoid bone and the base of the tongue
deep to the digastric muscle
head and neck: sternohyoid
depresses the larynx and hyoid bone
inferior to the hyoid bone
anterior thorax and shoulder: deltoid
abducts the arm, flexes/extends/rotates the humerus
anterior thorax and shoulder: pectoralis major
adducts and rotates medially the arm and pulls the chest upward for inhalation
- origins: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, and the aponeurosis of the external obliques
- insertions: short tendons into the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
anterior thorax and shoulder: pectoralis minor
moves the scapular in the anterior/inferior movements and raises the ribs during inhalation
anterior thorax and shoulder: serratus anterior
fixes the scapula for arm abduction, essential for raising the arm, and pulls the scapula anteriorly/inferiorly
abdominal wall: rectus abdominis
flexes the vertebral column, depresses the ribs, and compresses the abdomen during exhalation
- origins: pubic crest and symphysis
- insertions: xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5-7
deep to the external oblique
abdominal wall: external oblique
flexes the vertebral column, depresses the ribs, rotates the trunk, and compresses the abdomen during exhalation
abdominal wall: internal oblique
flexes the vertebral column, depresses the ribs, rotates the trunk, and compresses the abdomen during exhalation
deep to external obliques
abdominal wall: transversus abdominis
compresses the abdomen during exhalation
deep to internal obliques and rectus abdominis
posterior trunk: trapezius
extends the head, adducts the scapula and lateral clavicle
posterior trunk: latissimus dorsi
extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm
upper arm: triceps brachii - posterior compartment
lateral, long, and medial head
extends the forearms
upper arm: biceps brachii - anterior compartment
flex the forearm
- origins: short head - coracoid process; long head - intertubercular sulcus and within the capsule of the shoulder joint
- insertion: radial tuberosity
upper arm: brachioradialis - anterior compartment
flexes the forearm
upper arm: brachialis - anterior compartment
flexes the forearm
forearm: pronator teres - anterior compartment
pronates and weakly flexes the arm
forearm: flexor carpi radialis - anterior compartment
flexes the hand at the wrist
- origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
- insertions: palmar aponeurosis, skin, and fascia of the palm
forearm: flexor carpi ulnaris - anterior compartment
flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist
forearm: extensor carpi radialis - posterior compartment
longus and brevis
extends and abducts the hand at the wrist
forearm: extensor digitorum - posterior compartment
extends fingers and hand at the wrist
- origins: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
- insertions: by four tendons in the distal phalanges of fingers 2-5
forearm: extensor carpi ulnaris - posterior compartment
extends and adducts the hand at the wrist
anterior and medial thigh: iliopsoas
flexes the trunk and thigh at the hip
anterior and medial thigh: sartorius
flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh
- origins: anterior superior iliac spine
- insertion: by aponeurosis into the medial aspect of the proximal tibia
anterior and medial thigh: medial compartment - adductor group
adduct, flex, and medially rotates the thigh
adductor group (3)
- adductor magnus
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
anterior and medial thigh: medial compartment - pectineus
adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh
anterior and medial thigh: medial compartment - gracilis
adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh
anterior and medial thigh: anterior compartment - quadriceps femoris
extends the lower leg at the knee and flexes the thigh
- origins: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
- insertions: tibial tuberosity and patella
parts of quadriceps femoris
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis
anterior and medial thigh: anterior compartment - tensor fasciae latae
flex, abduct, and medially rotates the thigh
hip and posterior thigh: gluteus maximus
laterally rotates, abducts, and extends the thigh
- origins: dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
- insertions: gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotibial tract
hip and posterior thigh: gluteus medius
abducts and medially rotates the thigh
hip and posterior thigh: posterior compartment - biceps femoris
extends the thigh, laterally rotates the leg, and flexes the knee
long and short heads
hip and posterior thigh: posterior compartment - semitendinosus
extends the thigh, medially rotates the leg, and flexes the knee
hip and posterior thigh: posterior compartment - semimembranosus
extends the thigh, medially rotates the leg, and flexes the knee
lower leg: lateral compartment - fibularis longus
plantar flex and everts foot
- origins: head and upper portion of the fibula
- insertions: by long tendon under the foot to metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform
lower leg: anterior compartment - tibialis anterior
dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
lower leg: anterior compartment - extensor digitorum longus
dorsiflexes the foot and extends the toes
lower leg: posterior compartment - triceps surae
plantar flexes the foot
- origins: by two heads from the medial and lateral condyles of the femur
- insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
the triceps surae is composed of…
gastrocnemius lateral and medial head
soleus
lower leg: posterior compartment - flexor digitorum longus
flexes toes, plantar flexes, and inverts foot
