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Anatomy and Physiology I Lab > Lesson 3 > Flashcards

Lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebrae, ribs

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle

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3
Q

what do bone markings indicate? (3)

A
  1. where bones form joints
  2. where ligaments attach
  3. where blood vessels and nerves pass
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4
Q

what do bones form joints with? (3)

A
  1. other bones
  2. muscles
  3. tendons
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5
Q

bone marking: tuberosity

A

large, rounded projection; may be roughened

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6
Q

bone marking: crest

A

narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

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7
Q

bone marking: trochanter

A

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
- only examples are on the femur

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8
Q

bone marking: line

A

narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

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9
Q

bone marking: tubercle

A

small rounded projection or process

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10
Q

bone marking: epicondyle

A

raised area on or above a condyle

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11
Q

bone marking: spine

A

shape, slender, often pointed projection

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12
Q

bone marking: process

A

any bony prominence

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13
Q

bone marking: head

A

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

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14
Q

bone marking: facet

A

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

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15
Q

bone marking: condyle

A

rounded articular projection

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16
Q

bone marking: ramus

A

armlike bar of bone

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17
Q

bone marking: groove

A

furrow (groove or depression)

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18
Q

bone marking: fissure

A

narrow, slitlike opening

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19
Q

bone marking: foramen

A

round or oval opening through a bone

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20
Q

bone marking: notch

A

indentation at the edge of a structure

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21
Q

bone markings that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment (8)

A

tuberosity, crest, trochanter, line, tubercle, epicondyle, spine, process

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22
Q

bone markings that help form joints (4)

A

head, facet, condyle, ramus

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23
Q

bone markings that are for passage of blood vessels or nerves (4)

A

groove, fissure, foramen, notch

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24
Q

bone marking: meatus

A

canal-like passageway

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25
Q

bone marking: sinus

A

bone cavity filled with air and lined with a mucous membrane

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26
Q

bone marking: fossa

A

shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

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27
Q

two basic bone classes

A

compact and spongy/cancellous

28
Q

compact bone

A

smooth and homogenous

29
Q

spongy/cancellous bone

A

has small trabeculae (bars) and lots of space

30
Q

four major groups of bones

A
  1. long bones
  2. short bones
  3. flat bones
  4. irregular bones
31
Q

long bones

A

longer than they are wide, made mostly of compact bone
ex. femur

32
Q

short bones

A

cube shaped, mostly spongy bone
ex. tarsals/carpals

33
Q

flat bones

A

thin, two wafer-like layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between
ex. skull

34
Q

irregular bones

A

irregular shaped bones
ex. vertebrae

35
Q

long bone structures: epiphysis

A

end of bone (distal and proximal)

36
Q

long bone structures: periosteum

A

covers the bone; SHarpey’s fibers from this penetrate the bone

37
Q

long bone structures: articular cartilage

A

covers epiphyseal surface instead of the periosteum

38
Q

long bone structures: epiphyseal plate

A

area of hyaline cartilage where longitudinal growth of bones occur
- seen as epiphyseal line in adults

39
Q

long bone structures: endosteum

A

lines the shaft

40
Q

long bone structures: medullary cavity

A

hollow central interior, contains yellow bone marrow in adults, red bone marrow in infants

41
Q

long bone structures: yellow bone marrow

A

composed of adipose tissue (fat cells)

42
Q

long bone structures: red bone marrow

A

consists of immature red and white cells and stem cells, used to produce blood cells

43
Q

compact bone: osteon (Haversian system)

A

central canal and all concentric lamellae with Haversian/central canal in the center

44
Q

compact bone: Haversian/central canal

A

runs along the length of bone, carries blood, lymph vessels, and nerves

45
Q

compact bone: canaliculus/canaliculi

A

ting canals radiating outward from the central canal; they connect at the central canal to small chambers in the lamellae called lacunae

46
Q

compact bone: osteocytes

A

mature bones cells found inside lacunae

47
Q

compact bone: lacunae

A

small chambers that ‘house’ mature bone cells

48
Q

compact bone: perforating/Volkmann’s canals

A

canals that run into compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum

49
Q

bone disorder: shin splints

A
  • dull ache in shin
  • pain is classified as medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) and the pain is caused by: inflammation of the periosteum or of the perforating fibers
  • contributing factors include: mechanical factors, flat feet, inversion of feet with impact exercises
50
Q

skeletal cartilage: articular

A

covers bone ends of movable joints

51
Q

skeletal cartilage: costal

A

connecting ribs to sternum

52
Q

skeletal cartilage: laryngeal

A

construct the larynx

53
Q

skeletal cartilage: tracheal and bronchial

A

reinforce passageways of the respiratory system

54
Q

skeletal cartilage: nasal

A

supports the nose

55
Q

skeletal cartilage: intervertebral discs

A

cushion bones of the spine

56
Q

three main types of cartilage

A
  1. hyaline
  2. elastic
  3. fibrocartilage
57
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

found in nasal, articular, costal, tracheal/bronchial
- most skeletal cartilages are composed of this type

58
Q

elastic cartilage

A

only found in external ear and epiglottis

59
Q

fibrocartilage

A

found in cartilage at knee joint, pubic symphysis, intervertebral

60
Q

Identify the types of bones and cartilage. Then, name cartilage after their locations.

A
61
Q

Identify all the portions of the compact bone.

A
62
Q

Identify all the portions of the long bone.

A
63
Q

What type of bone are these?

A

Irregular, vertebrae

64
Q

What type of bones are these?

A

Flat, skull

65
Q

What type of bones are these?

A

short bones, tarsals

66
Q

What types of bones are these?

A

Long bones, femur

67
Q

articular

A

of, at, or relating to the joints of the body

Anatomy and Physiology I Lab (14 decks)

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