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Anatomy and Physiology I Lab > Lesson 4 > Flashcards

Lesson 4 Flashcards

1
Q

three main parts of the axial skeleton

A
  1. skull
  2. vertebral column
  3. bony thorax
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2
Q

the skull is composed of the… (2)

A

cranium and facial bones

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3
Q

two major areas of the cranium

A

cranial vault, and cranial floor

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4
Q

cranial vault

A

superior, lateral, and posterior walls of the skull

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5
Q

cranial floor

A

three concavities; anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae

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6
Q

coronal suture

A

connects the frontal bone to the parietal bone

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7
Q

lambdoid suture

A

connects parietal bone to the occipital bone

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8
Q

sagittal suture

A

connects the left and right parietal bones

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9
Q

squamous suture

A

connects parietal bone to the temporal bone

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10
Q

frontal bone: glabella

A

located between the orbital cavities

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11
Q

frontal bone: supraorbital foramen (notch)

A

opening above each orbit, passageway for blood vessels and nerves

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12
Q

parietal bone: sagittal suture

A

connects the two parietal bones

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13
Q

parietal bone: coronal suture

A

connects parietal bones to frontal bone

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14
Q

styloid process

A

muscle/ligament attachment site inferior to the external acoustic meatus

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15
Q

external acoustic meatus

A

the ear canal

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16
Q

zygomatic process

A

extension of bone into the upper buccal superior to the external acoustic meatus

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17
Q

mastoid process

A

muscle attachment site behind the styloid process and inferior to the external acoustic ear

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18
Q

petrous region: jugular foramen

A

passage for internal jugular vein, and cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XI (accessory)

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19
Q

petrous region: carotid canal

A

passage for internal carotid artery

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20
Q

petrous region: internal acoustic meatus

A

passage for cranial nerves VII (facial), and VIII (vestibulocochlear)

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21
Q

occipital: foramen magnum

A

where the spinal cord enters the cranium to connect to the brain

22
Q

occipital: occipital condyles

A

articulation site with first cervical vertebra (Atlas)

23
Q

occipital: hypoglossal canal

A

passage for cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal)

24
Q

sphenoid: greater wings

A

part of the orbital cavity; inferior to the lesser wing

25
Q

sphenoid: sella turcica

A

midline of sphenoid bone

26
Q

sphenoid: hypophyseal fossa

A

houses the pituitary gland; in the center of the skull superior to the foramen magnum (when looking from above)

27
Q

sphenoid: lesser wings

A

anchors the dura mater (covering that encloses the brain)

28
Q

sphenoid: optic canals

A

openings at the base of lesser wings for cranial nerve II (optic nerve)

29
Q

ethmoid bone: crista galli

A

anchors dura mater (leathery connective tissue membrane that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord)

30
Q

ethmoid bone: cribriform plate

A

allows olfactory fibers (cranial nerve I) from nasal mucosa to enter the brain

31
Q

mandible

A

bottom portion of the jaw

32
Q

mandible: body

A

bottom portion of the mandible; your chin

33
Q

mandible: mandibular ramus

A

portion between the mandibular notch and the mandibular angle

34
Q

mandible: mandibular angle

A

the rounded portion of the mandible connecting the body to the ramus

35
Q

mandible: coronoid process

A

the second notch of the connection point of the mandible to the rest of the cranium

36
Q

mandible: mandibular notch

A

the ‘swoop’ between the condylar process and coronoid process

37
Q

mandible: condylar process

A

the connecting point of the mandible right next to your ear

38
Q

maxilla: palatine process

A

anterior part of the hard palate

39
Q

hard palate

A

created both by the maxilla and the palatine bone

40
Q

vomer

A

the piece of bone behind the hard palate; in the center

41
Q

zygomatic

A

cheek bone

42
Q

lacrimal

A

a small bone deep to the maxilla, near the nasal bridge

43
Q

nasal bone

A

the bone right in the center of the nose

44
Q

what does the hyoid bone do?

A

serves as a point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles

45
Q

ethmoid bone

A

comprised of crista galli and cribriform plate

46
Q

functions of sinuses (2)

A
  • lighten the skull
  • may act as resonance chambers for speech
47
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of sinuses from bacterial infection or allergy

48
Q

fontanelles

A

fetal skull contains areas of fibrous membranes

49
Q

what do fontanelles do? (2)

A
  • allow skull to compress slightly during birth
  • allows for brain growth during late fetal life
50
Q

by what age do the fontanelles completely ossify?

A

1.5-2 years old

51
Q

craniosynostosis

A

birth defect that causes one or more of the sutures on a baby’s head to close earlier than usual
- cause is unknown, maybe genetic

Anatomy and Physiology I Lab (14 decks)

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