Lesson 4

Question 1

three main parts of the axial skeleton

Answer 1

1. skull
2. vertebral column
3. bony thorax

Question 2

the skull is composed of the… (2)

Answer 2

cranium and facial bones

Question 3

two major areas of the cranium

Answer 3

cranial vault, and cranial floor

Question 4

cranial vault

Answer 4

superior, lateral, and posterior walls of the skull

Question 5

cranial floor

Answer 5

three concavities; anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae

Question 6

coronal suture

Answer 6

connects the frontal bone to the parietal bone

Question 7

lambdoid suture

Answer 7

connects parietal bone to the occipital bone

Question 8

sagittal suture

Answer 8

connects the left and right parietal bones

Question 9

squamous suture

Answer 9

connects parietal bone to the temporal bone

Question 10

frontal bone: glabella

Answer 10

located between the orbital cavities

Question 11

frontal bone: supraorbital foramen (notch)

Answer 11

opening above each orbit, passageway for blood vessels and nerves

Question 12

parietal bone: sagittal suture

Answer 12

connects the two parietal bones

Question 13

parietal bone: coronal suture

Answer 13

connects parietal bones to frontal bone

Question 14

styloid process

Answer 14

muscle/ligament attachment site inferior to the external acoustic meatus

Question 15

external acoustic meatus

Answer 15

the ear canal

Question 16

zygomatic process

Answer 16

extension of bone into the upper buccal superior to the external acoustic meatus

Question 17

mastoid process

Answer 17

muscle attachment site behind the styloid process and inferior to the external acoustic ear

Question 18

petrous region: jugular foramen

Answer 18

passage for internal jugular vein, and cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XI (accessory)

Question 19

petrous region: carotid canal

Answer 19

passage for internal carotid artery

Question 20

petrous region: internal acoustic meatus

Answer 20

passage for cranial nerves VII (facial), and VIII (vestibulocochlear)

Question 21

occipital: foramen magnum

Answer 21

where the spinal cord enters the cranium to connect to the brain

Question 22

occipital: occipital condyles

Answer 22

articulation site with first cervical vertebra (Atlas)

Question 23

occipital: hypoglossal canal

Answer 23

passage for cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal)

Question 24

sphenoid: greater wings

Answer 24

part of the orbital cavity; inferior to the lesser wing

Question 25

sphenoid: sella turcica

Answer 25

midline of sphenoid bone

Question 26

sphenoid: hypophyseal fossa

Answer 26

houses the pituitary gland; in the center of the skull superior to the foramen magnum (when looking from above)

Question 27

sphenoid: lesser wings

Answer 27

anchors the dura mater (covering that encloses the brain)

Question 28

sphenoid: optic canals

Answer 28

openings at the base of lesser wings for cranial nerve II (optic nerve)

Question 29

ethmoid bone: crista galli

Answer 29

anchors dura mater (leathery connective tissue membrane that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord)

Question 30

ethmoid bone: cribriform plate

Answer 30

allows olfactory fibers (cranial nerve I) from nasal mucosa to enter the brain

Question 31

mandible

Answer 31

bottom portion of the jaw

Question 32

mandible: body

Answer 32

bottom portion of the mandible; your chin

Question 33

mandible: mandibular ramus

Answer 33

portion between the mandibular notch and the mandibular angle

Question 34

mandible: mandibular angle

Answer 34

the rounded portion of the mandible connecting the body to the ramus

Question 35

mandible: coronoid process

Answer 35

the second notch of the connection point of the mandible to the rest of the cranium

Question 36

mandible: mandibular notch

Answer 36

the 'swoop' between the condylar process and coronoid process

Question 37

mandible: condylar process

Answer 37

the connecting point of the mandible right next to your ear

Question 38

maxilla: palatine process

Answer 38

anterior part of the hard palate

Question 39

hard palate

Answer 39

created both by the maxilla and the palatine bone

Question 40

vomer

Answer 40

the piece of bone behind the hard palate; in the center

Question 41

zygomatic

Answer 41

cheek bone

Question 42

lacrimal

Answer 42

a small bone deep to the maxilla, near the nasal bridge

Question 43

nasal bone

Answer 43

the bone right in the center of the nose

Question 44

what does the hyoid bone do?

Answer 44

serves as a point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles

Question 45

ethmoid bone

Answer 45

comprised of crista galli and cribriform plate

Question 46

functions of sinuses (2)

Answer 46

- lighten the skull - may act as resonance chambers for speech

Question 47

sinusitis

Answer 47

inflammation of sinuses from bacterial infection or allergy

Question 48

fontanelles

Answer 48

fetal skull contains areas of fibrous membranes

Question 49

what do fontanelles do? (2)

Answer 49

- allow skull to compress slightly during birth - allows for brain growth during late fetal life

Question 50

by what age do the fontanelles completely ossify?

Answer 50

1.5-2 years old

Question 51

craniosynostosis

Answer 51

birth defect that causes one or more of the sutures on a baby's head to close earlier than usual - cause is unknown, maybe genetic