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Anatomy and Physiology I Lab > Lesson 10 > Flashcards

Lesson 10 Flashcards

1
Q

where does the spinal cord extend from?

A

the foramen magnum

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2
Q

where and what does the spinal cord terminate as?

A

conus medullaris, L1 or L2

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3
Q

what does the spinal cord become after L1/L2?

A

cauda equina

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4
Q

what does cauda equina literally mean?

A

horse tail

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5
Q

the spinal cord is covered by all three meninges down to the _____ vertebra.

A

S2

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6
Q

only the _____ mater extends to the posterior coccyx as the _____ _____

A

pia, filum terminale

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7
Q

the spinal cord is secured to the vertebrae by the _____ _____ of the pia mater

A

denticulate ligaments

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8
Q

conus medullaris

A

where the spinal cord tapers off around L1/L2

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9
Q

the “cone” part of conus comes from….

A

the structure is the three dimensional shape of a cone

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10
Q

what does the filum terminale do?

A

holds the spinal cord in place at the end of your spine

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11
Q

gray matter

A

location of neuronal cell bodies

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12
Q

dorsal (posterior) horns

A

interneurons and sensory fibers from the dorsal root ganglion

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13
Q

ventral (anterior) horns

A

motor neurons of somatic nervous system that projects fibers through the ventral root

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14
Q

lateral horns

A

motor neurons of autonomic nervous system (sympathetic) which leaves the cord through the ventral root

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15
Q

gray commissure

A

connects the left and right horns; surrounds the central canal

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16
Q

white matter

A

myelinated nerve fibers, bisected by fissures (anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus)

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17
Q

three primary regions of groupings of axons with the same origin, terminus, and function

A
  1. posterior funiculus
  2. lateral funiculus
  3. anterior funiculus
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18
Q

posterior funiculus

A

carries info on joint and muscle position and fine touch

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19
Q

proprioception

A

the body’s awareness of the limbs even if they aren’t in view

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20
Q

lateral funiculus (2)

A
  • carries info on proprioception, pain, temp, pressure, coarse touch
  • used in relaying motor info to control skeletal muscles, posture, visceral muscle functions, muscle tone, and balance
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21
Q

anterior funiculus (2)

A
  • carries info on pain, temp, pressure, and coarse touch
  • used in relaying motor info to control skeletal muscle, posture, visceral muscle functions, muscle tone, and balance
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22
Q

how to identify dorsal vs ventral funiculus (2)

A
  1. the dorsal median sulcus is more shallow than the central median fissure
  2. dorsal root is attached to the dorsal root ganglion and the dorsal spinal cord
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23
Q

there are _____ pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

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24
Q

where do the ventral and dorsal rami branch from?

A

they branch from the spinal nerve shortly after exiting the spinal column

25
Q

there are four major plexuses

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral

26
Q

cervical plexus (4)

A
  • formed from ventral rami of C1-C5
  • serves the neck and shoulder
  • major motor branch: phrenic nerve in C3/4 and some of 5
  • innervates the diaphragm
27
Q

C1 through C7 spinal nerves emerge above or below the vertebrae they are named after?

A

above; all other spinal nerves emerge BELOW

28
Q

where does the C8 spinal nerve emerge from?

A

between C7 and T1; there is no C8

29
Q

brachial plexus (2)

A
  • formed from ventral rami of C5 through C8 and T1
  • serves the shoulder, arms, and hand
30
Q

the brachial plexus is arranged into what? (4)

A

trunks, divisions, cords, and major peripheral nerves

31
Q

the brachial plexus cords are divided into 5 major peripheral nerves

A
  1. axillary
  2. radial
  3. median
  4. musculocutaneous
  5. ulnar
32
Q

brachial plexus: peripheral nerves - axillary (2)

A
  • C5 and C6
  • serves the shoulder muscles, and the skin of the shoulder area
33
Q

brachial plexus: peripheral nerves - radial (2)

A
  • C5 through C8 and T1
  • serves extensor muscles of the arm, forearm, and hand (on the posterolateral surface of the arm/forearm) thumb side
34
Q

brachial plexus: peripheral nerves - median (2)

A
  • C8, T1, and C5 through C7
  • serves flexor muscles of the forearm, hand (some), and the skin on the lateral surface of the palm in the middle
35
Q

brachial plexus: peripheral nerves - musculocutaneous (2)

A
  • serves flexor muscle for the forearm and flexion
  • serves the skin of the lateral surface of the forearm in the elbow/axillary area
36
Q

brachial plexus: peripheral nerves - ulnar (2)

A
  • serves the flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum, and other hand muscles
  • skin of the medial third of the anterior/posterior hand (at the pinkie side)
37
Q

lumbar plexus (3)

A
  • from ventral rami of L1 through L4 (sometimes T12)
  • serves lower abdominopelvic region and anterior thigh
  • femoral nerve (innervates anterior thigh), branches into the saphenous nerve
38
Q

sacral plexus (3)

A
  • from the ventral rami of L4 through S4
  • serves butt, posterior surface of the thigh, leg, and foot
  • major nerve is the sciatic nerve, the largest in the body, which divides into common fibular and tibial nerves
39
Q

ulnar nerve

A

on the pinkie finger side of your arm, aka ulnar side

40
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

usually near the elbow armpit area

41
Q

median nerve

A

in the middle of the arm

42
Q

axillary nerve

A

in the shoulder ish area

43
Q

radial nerve

A

runs along the same side as the radius, aka thumb side/lateral side of your arm

44
Q

femoral nerve

A

major nerve at the top of the leg on the front side

45
Q

saphenous nerve

A

the big nerve going down your leg after the femoral nerve splits/branches

46
Q

sciatic nerve

A

the “starting big nerve” at the top of the back of the leg

47
Q

tibial nerve

A

on the medial/big toe side of the leg, on the same side as the tibia

48
Q

common fibular nerve

A

on the lateral/pinkie toe side of the leg, same side as the fibula

49
Q

ANS

A

autonomic nervous system

50
Q

what is the ANS?

A

a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that controls functions not under conscious control

51
Q

what does the ANS serve? (3)

A

cardiac muscles, smooth muscle in the viscera and blood vessels, and internal organs

52
Q

what two motor neurons primarily control the ANS?

A
  1. preganglionic neuron
  2. ganglionic neuron
53
Q

the preganglionic neuron is where?

A

in the brain and spinal cord

54
Q

the ganglionic neuron is where?

A

in the ganglion outside the CNS

55
Q

two major divisions of the ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

56
Q

sympathetic division of the ANS (3)

A
  • fight or flight response
  • postganglionic axons release norepinephrine
  • preganglionic neurons located in the lateral horn of grey matter synapses with ganglionic neurons in the paravertebral ganglion alongside the vertebral column
57
Q

parasympathetic division of the ANS

A
  • resting, digestion
  • postganglionic axons release acetylcholine
  • preganglionic neurons located in the brain of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X, and S2-S4 synapses with ganglionic neurons in the terminal/intramural ganglion close to target
58
Q

sympathetic trunk

A

the “chain of nerves” down the back

Anatomy and Physiology I Lab (14 decks)

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