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Anatomy and Physiology I Lab > Lesson 5 > Flashcards

Lesson 5 Flashcards

1
Q

the vertebral column consists of _____ vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs composed of _____

A

24, fibrocartilage

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2
Q

regional characteristics - cervical: body

A

small, wide side to side

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3
Q

regional characteristics - cervical: spinous process

A

short; bifid; projects directly posteriorly

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4
Q

regional characteristics - cervical: vertebral foramen

A

triangular

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5
Q

regional characteristics - cervical: transverse process

A

contains foramina

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6
Q

regional characteristics - cervical: superior and inferior articulating processes

A

superior facets directed superoposteriorly
inferior facets directed inferoanteriorly

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7
Q

regional characteristics - cervical vertebra: movements allowed

A
  • flexion and extension
  • lateral flexion
  • rotation
  • spine region with the greatest range of movement
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8
Q

regional characteristics - thoracic: body

A

larger than cervical; heart shaped; bears costal facets

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9
Q

regional characteristics - thoracic: spinous process

A

large, sharp, projects inferiorly

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10
Q

regional characteristics - thoracic vertebra: vertebral foramen

A

circular

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11
Q

regional characteristics - thoracic: transverse processes

A

have costal facets for ribs

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12
Q

regional characteristics - thoracic: superior and inferior articulating processes

A

superior facets directly posteriorly
inferior facets directed anteriorly

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13
Q

regional characteristics - thoracic vertebra: movements allowed

A
  • rotation
  • lateral flexion is possible, but restricted by the ribs
  • flexion and extension limited
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14
Q

regional characteristics - lumbar vertebra: body

A

massive, kidney shaped

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15
Q

regional characteristics - lumbar: spinous process

A

short, blunt; projects directly posteriorly

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16
Q

regional characteristics - lumbar: vertebral foramen

A

triangular

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17
Q

regional characteristics - lumbar: transverse process

A

thin and tapered

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18
Q

regional characteristics - lumbar: superior and inferior articulating processes

A

superior facets directed posteromedially
inferior facets directed anterolaterally

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19
Q

regional characteristics - lumbar: movements allowed

A
  • flexion and extension
  • some lateral flexion
  • rotation prevented
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20
Q

cervical curvature

A

C1 - C7

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21
Q

thoracic curvature

A
  • convex
  • T1 - T12
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22
Q

lumbar curvature

A

concave
- L1 - L5

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23
Q

sacral curvature

A

convex
- five fused vertebrae just above the coccyx

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24
Q

coccyx

A

four fused vertebrae at the very bottom of the spine

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25
Q

C1 vertebrae

A

atlas
- lacks body and spinous process allowing the head to nod

26
Q

C2 vertebrae

A

axis
- has dens for head rotation

27
Q

dens/odontoid process

A

for head rotation
- a nob like process between the superior articular facets

28
Q

C1 - C7 distinguishing features (3)

A
  • triangular vertebral foramen
  • transverse processes contain foramen/foramina for vertebral arteries traveling to the brain
  • C7 is a landmark for counting vertebrae
29
Q

vertebra prominens

A

C7 vertebrae

30
Q

Label this figure.

A
31
Q

T1 - T12 distinguishing features (4)

A
  • heart shaped body
  • small articular surfaces/costal facets articulates with head of rib
  • round/oval vertebral foramen
  • transverse costal facets articulate with rib tubercles
32
Q

Label this figure

A
33
Q

L1 - L5 distinguishing features (5)

A
  • block-like body and short, thick spinous process
  • superior articulating process pointing posteromedial
  • inferior articular process pointing anterolateral
  • spinal cord ends at superior area of L2
  • spinal/lumbar ‘tap’ is performed between L3/L4 or L4/L5 to minimize injury to spinal cord (also epidurals)
34
Q

Label this figure.

A
35
Q

intervertebral foramen

A

a foramen between the inferior notch of a superior vertebra and the superior notch of an inferior vertebral where nerves enter and exit the spinal cord

36
Q

sacrum prominent features (5)

A
  • sacral promontory
  • median sacral crest
  • ala
  • transverse ridges
  • anterior/posterior sacral foramina
37
Q

sacral promontory

A

the superior facet of the sacral that connects to the superior vertebrae

38
Q

median sacral crest

A

bumps on the posterior of the sacral, gives it the “spine” look

39
Q

ala

A

on either side of the sacral promontory; looks like the ‘wings’ of the sacral

40
Q

transverse ridges

A

on the anterior of the sacral, show divisions between fused vertebrae

41
Q

anterior/posterior sacral foramina

A

foramen (holes) that line either side of the sacral

42
Q

how is the coccyx attached to the sacral?

A

ligaments

43
Q

spinal curvatures: primary curvatures

A
  • present at birth
  • thoracic and sacral
44
Q

spinal curvatures: secondary curvatures

A
  • develop after birth
  • cervical and lumbar curvatures
45
Q

the cervical curvatures allows a baby to do what?

A

hold up its head

46
Q

the lumbar curvature allows a baby to do what?

A

walk

47
Q

abnormal curvatures: scoliosis

A

lateral thoracic spine curvature

48
Q

abnormal curvatures: kyphosis

A

excessive posterior thoracic curvature

49
Q

abnormal curvatures: lordosis

A

excessive lumbar curvature

50
Q

the thorax is composed of three main sections

A
  1. sternum
  2. ribs
  3. thoracic vertebrae
51
Q

sternum

A
  • attaches to the first seven pairs of ribs
  • a fusion of three bones
52
Q

sternum: manubrium

A

articulates with the clavicle; portion just under the jugular notch

53
Q

sternum: gladiolus

A

body, bulk of the sternum

54
Q

sternum: xiphoid process

A

located at the inferior end, made of hyaline cartilage in children, usually ossified in adults (bottom of the sternum)

55
Q

three important sternal landmarks

A
  1. jugular notch
  2. sternal angle
  3. xiphisternal joint
56
Q

sternum: jugular notch

A

at the level of the third thoracic vertebra, the superior portion of the sternum

57
Q

stenum: sternal angle

A

at the level of the 2nd and 5th thoracic vertebrae; connects the manubrium to the sternal body

58
Q

stenum: xiphisternal joint

A

at the level of the diaphragm and 9th thoracic vertebra; connects the xiphoid process to the sternal body

59
Q

vertebrosternal ribs

A

true ribs
- attach to the sternum through their own costal cartilage

60
Q

vertebrochondral ribs

A

false ribs
- 8-10 attach to the sternum through the costal cartilage of rib 7
- 11/12 are floating ribs and do not attach to the sternum

Anatomy and Physiology I Lab (14 decks)

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