Lesson 6d: Birds (Avians) Flashcards
It is the unique and essential feature or hallmark of birds.
Feather
The birds have a single middle ear bone, it is one of the smallest bone.
Stapes
The type of bone in birds.
Pneumatized bones
Other name for “wishbone” of the birds.
Furcula
The finest branches of the bronchi do not terminate in alveoli but are
tube-like.
Parabronchi
It is a type of hypothesis in birds where passing through tree-climbing,
leaping, parachuting, gliding, and finally powered flight.
Trees-down Hypothesis
Bird with the longest wing span.
Albatross
In avian reproductive organ, what side of the oviduct develops?
Left ovary
Type of young in birds that are naked and helpless at birth and must be fed
in the nest for a week or more.
Altricial
Unique difference of avian erythrocytes compared to mammals.
Nucleated and biconvex
Type of young birds that are able to feed and run or swim as soon as they are hatched.
Precocial
Basic Forms of Bird Wings
- Elliptical Wings
- High-Speed Wings
- Soaring Wings
- High-Lift Wings
In birds special senses,
an inner ear has a short _______; it allows birds to hear about the same range of sound as humans.
cochlea
This hypothesis is based on running birds with primitive wings to snare insects.
Ground-up Hypothesis
Two hypotheses on the evolution of bird flight
Ground-up
Trees-down
In avian reproductive organ, what side of the oviduct degenerate?
Right ovary
In birds vision,
______ birds have more cones; _______ birds have more rods
Diurnal
Nocturnal
What class are the birds?
Aves
One of the smallest vertebrate endotherms
“bee” hummingbirds
This provided a high pressure system that provided a oxygenated blood to capillary beds and a pulmonary circuit to serve the lungs.
Double circulation
How many times do the heart of turkey, chicken, and chickadee beats?
93 times per minute
250 “ “ “
500 “ “ “
The bird’s brain has a well developed ___________, __________ and __________.
cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum,
midbrain tectum
Many birds have two _________ or regions of detailed vision; this provides both sharp monocular and binocular vision.
foveae
Birds that must maneuver in forested habitats have ___________?
Elliptical Wings
Birds that feed on the wing or make long migrations have ___________?
High-Speed Wings
long arrow wings?
Soaring High Wings
Wings with slotting, alulas and pronounced camber?
High-Lift Wings
Single ear bone is also known as
stapes
___________ are modified as wings
Forelimd
________ are adapted for walking, swimming or perching
Hindlimbs
5 Similarities of birds and reptiles
- Both have stapes
- Both lay similar yolked eggs
- The lower jaw in both is composed of five or six bones.
- Both excrete nitrogenous waste as uric acid
- Both have skulls that abut the first neck vertebra by a single ball and socket joint
Other term for bird red blood cells
erythrocytes
Core of the cerebrum, the ___________
Corpus striatum
The size of the cerebral hemisphere is directly related to the ____________ of the bird
intelligence
It is where the muscle position sense, equilibrium sense, and visual cues are assembled
Cerebellum
The foveae in birds provides both sharp ________ and _________ vision
monucular
binocular
___________ ratio is determined by the angle of tilt and the airspeed
Lift-to-drag ratio
The expanded end of the oviduct
________, receives the discharged eggs
Special glands add ______ or egg white to the egg as it passes down the oviduct
infundibulum
albumin
