Lesson 6a: Fishes Flashcards
Earliest fish-like vertebrates were a paraphyletic group of ________ fishes.
Agnathan
________ lack vertebrae; __________ have ________ vertebrae
Hagfishes
Lampreys, rudimentary
Fishes descended from an unknown free-swimming _____________.
protochordate ancestor
One group, the ___________ became extinct in the Carboniferous and left no direct descendants.
placoderms
The dominant fishes today.
Bony-Fishes
Two distinct lineages of bony-fishes.
Ray-finned fishes and
Lobe-finned fishes
Class of Hagfishes
Class Myxini
The _______ fishes radiated to form modern bony fishes.
Ray-finned
__________ fishes are a relict group with few species today, but include the sister group of tetrapods.
Lobe-finned
Class of Lampreys
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
Class of Cartilaginous Fishes
Class Chondrichthyes
Subclass of Sharks, Skates, and Rays
Subclass Elasmobranchii
Class of Bony Fishes
Class Osteichthyes
Class of Ray-finned fishes
Class Actinopterygii
In the senses of sharks,
the lateral line consists of _____ in tubes and pores on the side of the body.
neuromasts
Sharks are guided by bioelectric fields called ___________, the ampullae of Lorenzini and is located on the shark’s head.
Electroreceptors
Some oviparous sharks and rays lay a capsule or ___________ that catches onto kelp with tendrils.
mermaid’s purse
The _________ tail allowed greater speed and buoyancy.
homocercal
During the Paleozoic, the tail became symmetrical with continuous fin known as __________.
diphycercal
These fish were well presented in the Devonian but became extinct by the lower Permian
Acanthodians
Living jawless fishes? ________ and __________
(part siya ng Agnatha group)
lampreys and hagfishes
What type of form when a species of fish live in salt water then live in freshwater to spawn and die?
Anadromous form
How about when a species of fish live in freshwater to salt water?
Catadromous form
Members of this small subclass are remnant of a line that diverge from the earliest shark lineage.
Subclass Holocephali: The Chimeras
________ constitute 96% of all living fishes and half of all vertebrates.
Teleosts
Class of Lobe-finned fishes
Class Sarcopterygii
Most efficient flotation device?
Swim bladder
The shark liver has __________, that acts to keep sharks a little buoyant.
squaline
Freshwater fishes are ____________ regulators.
hyperosmotic
Process of maintenance of salt and water balance
Osmotic Regulation
What are the living jawless fishes
Hagfishes and Lampreys
After whales, _______ are the largest living vertebrates.
Sharks
This pattern is called ________ where the tail has a longer upper lobe.
Heterocercal
Sharks that retain embryos are _________: if the embryo is nourished by yolk.
Ovoviparous
True ______ reproduction occurs where embryos receive nourishment from the maternal bloodstream from nutritive secretions of the mother
Viviparous
What are the 3 features that unite bony fishes and tetrapod descendants .
ELC
- Endochondral bone
- Lung or Swim bladder
- Cranial and dental characters.
The skin of lobe-finned fishes is covered with heavy scales consisting of ________ overlaid by thin enamel.
Cosmine
Living fossils that arose from the Devonian period
Coelacanths
The gills are inside the pharyngeal cavity and covered with a movable flap called _______.
operculum
Some active fishes uses _________ where forward movement is sufficient to force eater across gills
ram ventilation
Marine bony fishes are __________ regulators
hypoosmotic
