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VZOO Lec Exam > Lesson 6: Chordates > Flashcards

Lesson 6: Chordates Flashcards

1
Q

Major identifying characteristics of chordates.

A

NDPEP

  1. Notochord
  2. Dorsal tubular nerve cord
  3. Pharyngeal (gill) slits
  4. Endostyle or Thyroid Gland
  5. Post-anal tail
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2
Q

Oldest known chordate fossil is from the ________.

A

Ediacaran

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3
Q

Three major subphyla of Chordates

A

Subphylum: Urochordata
Subphylum: Cephalochordata
Subphylum Vertebrata

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4
Q

The tunicates and sea squirts belong to subphylum __________?

A

Urochordata

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5
Q

Human Impacts of Tunicates?

A

Antiviral and Antitumor

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6
Q

Most dangerous form of skin cancer?

A

Malignant melanoma

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7
Q

Lancelets belong to subphylum _______?

A

Cephalochordata

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8
Q

Bears 2 folds of skin

A

Metapleural folds

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9
Q

Movement with well developed “V” shaped bundles of swimming muscles?

A

myotomes (= myomeres)

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10
Q

Mouth surrounded by oral hood with tentacles called _______ an a wheel organ

A

oral cirri

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11
Q

Most complex group (> advanced) of animals

A

Subphylum Vertebrata

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12
Q

1st true vertebrates?

A

Fish

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13
Q

Notochord provides __________ and serves as main axis for ________to permit “fishlike” undulatory movements.

A

basic support
muscle attachments

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14
Q

Specific kind of tissue found only in chordates

A

Endostyle or Thyroid Gland

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15
Q

Post-anal tail provides _________; especially designed for ___________ in water

A

motility
propulsions

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16
Q

_________ serves as respiratory organ

A

Pharynx

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17
Q

Fertilization produces an elongated free-swimming larva called _______?

A

tadpole larva

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18
Q

Skeletons in vertebrates is divided into __________ and __________.

A

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton (limbs)

19
Q

Vertebrates were the first to add an _________ that more effectively digest proteins.

A

acid producing stomach

19
Q

c

A

Neoteny

20
Q

Classification of vertebrates?

A

A. Jaws present or absent
B. Fins versus walking legs
C. Offspring developed within a fluid-filled sac (amnion)

21
Q

__________ = jawless
__________ = mouth with jaws

A

Agnatha
Gnathostomes

22
Q

__________ = paired fins for swimming
__________ = paired limbs for terrestial locomotion

A

Pisces
tetrapods

23
Q

_________ do not develop with fluid filled sac; eg fishes and amphibians

A

anamniotes

24
Q

A very diverse phylum but considerably less diverse than arthropods or molluscs.

A

Chordata

25
Q

This one group are barrel shaped pelagic animals with transparent gelatinous bodies.

A

Salps

26
Q

Diagram of feeding and digestion in subphylum Urochordata.

A

IS P S A E

Incurrent siphon&raquo_space; Pharynx (branchial sac)&raquo_space; slits&raquo_space; atrium&raquo_space; excurrent siphon

27
Q

Slit-like openings leading from throat to outside first evolves as a filter feedlinv apparatus.

A

Pharyngeal (gill) slits

28
Q

The post-anal tail in aquatic chordates provides motility; while in terrestrial chordates it became a _______ for ______ and ________.

A

tail

leverage and balance

29
Q

Type of skeleton that permits unlimited growth

A

Endoskeleton

30
Q

Some believe vertebrates arose from a _______tunicate.

A

neotenous

31
Q

The lancelets nervous system has a single ________ at front of the head.

A

ocellus

32
Q

Other term for liver in tunicates

A

Hepatic caecum

33
Q

9 Major Characteristics of Vertebrates

A

ISC MEI MIA

  1. Internal joined skeleton of bone or cartilage
  2. Segmented skeletal muscles (myotomes)
  3. Complex skin
  4. More efficient digestive system
  5. Efficient respiratory systems closely tied to circulation of blood
  6. Increasingly efficient circulatory system with pumping heart (2,3, or 4 chambered)
  7. Most complex and best developed nervous system of all animals

8 Improved efficiency of excretory system

  1. Almost all are dioecious and reproduce only sexually
34
Q

This type of skeleton surrounds the brain and serves as the “braincase”

A

Axial Skeleton

35
Q

Muscular constructions to move food through GL tract

A

peristalsis

36
Q

RBC’s is also known as

A

erythrocytes

37
Q

Responsible for the central processing and coordination

A

CNS

38
Q

conducts impulses to brain from sense organs and from brain to muscle and glands

A

PNS

39
Q

Sense organ for water vibrations

A

Lateral line

40
Q

Sense organ to detect prey

A

Electroreceptors

41
Q

Two oldest fossil in vertebrates

A

Pikia (middle Cambrian)
Haikonella (early Cambrian)

42
Q

_________ is where a larval form achieves sexual reproduction

A

neoteny

VZOO Lec Exam (21 decks)

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