Lesson 4: Architectural Patterns in an Animal

Question 1

Most important evolutionary event in geological history

Answer 1

Cambrian explosion

Question 2

Five Grades of Organization

Answer 2

1. Protoplasmic Grade of Organization
2. Cellular Grade of Organization
3. Cell-Tissue Grade of Organization
4. Tissue-Organ Grade of Organization
5. Organ-System of Organization

Question 3

The highest system of organization

Answer 3

Organ-System Grade of Organization

Question 4

Animal Body Plans are different in:

Answer 4

Grade of Organization
Body Symmetry
Number of Embryonic Layers
Number of Body Cavities

Question 5

__________ is balance of proportions and the correspondence of size and shape of parts on opposite side of median plane.

Answer 5

Symmetry

Question 6

Types of Animal Symmetry

Answer 6

Spherical - ball shaped
Radial - tube or vase like
Bilateral - right and left sides

Question 7

Animal Body Plans

Answer 7

SRBB

Spherical Symmetry
Radial Symmetry
Biradial Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry

Question 8

A body plan that divides the body into mirror halves.

Found in unicellular forms but rare in large animals

Answer 8

Spherical Symmetry

Question 9

A body plans with more than two planes passing through longitudinal axis.

Answer 9

Radial Symmetry

Question 10

In radial symmetry,

the end of tubular body forms mouth called __________ while the opposite end forms basal attachment disc called ________.

Answer 10

Oral surface
Aboral Surface

Question 11

A variant of radial symmetry but there are only two planes passing through the longitudinal axis.

Answer 11

Biradial Symmetry

Question 12

Organs divided along a sagittal plane into two mirror portions forming right and left halves.

Answer 12

Bilateral Symmetry

Question 13

Regions of Bilaterally Symmetrical Animals

head end: ______
tail end: ______
back side: ______
bottom or belly side: ______
midline of body: ______
right and left sides: ______

parts farther from the middle of the body: _______
parts are nearer from the middle of the body: ________

Answer 13

Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral
Medial
Lateral

Distal
Proximal

Question 14

Regions of Bilaterally Symmetrical Animals

Divides body into dorsal and ventral halves: ______ (latitude)

Divides body to right and left: ______

Dives body into anterior and posterior halves: ______ (longitude)

Answer 14

Frontal Plane
Sagittal Plane
Transverse Plane

Question 15

Internal space represented by gut cavity and fluid-filled body coelom that cushions and protect internal organs.

Answer 15

Body Cavity

Question 16

Types of Body Cavities

Answer 16

Coelomate: True body cavity
Acoelomate: No body cavity
Pseudocoelomate: Partial body cavity

Question 17

Two cavities in embryo

Answer 17

blastocoel
gut

Question 18

Inside gut is lined by ________
Outer layer of cells is ________
Middle are lined with ________

Answer 18

Endoderm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm

Question 19

3 Possible Body Plans in Protostomes

Answer 19

Acoelomate Plan
Pseducoelomate Plan
Schizocoelomate Plan

Question 20

In Deuterostome, mesoderm forma by an ________________ where cells from the central gut lining form pouches and expand into blastocoel

Answer 20

enterocoelous plan

Question 21

Problems of Large Body Sizes in Animals

Answer 21

Large animals have less surface area to provide respiration and nutrient flow to cells deep in the body.

Question 22

Benefits of Being Large Size in Animals

Answer 22

Buffers against environment fluctuations
Provides protection against predators
Promotes offensive tactics

The cost of maintaining body temperature is less per gram of the body weight