Lesson 1: Introduction to Animals Flashcards
Largest most diverse ‘kingdom’ of life on earth
Animals
5 Major Groups of Animal Kingdom
Bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Two major groups of animals
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Even in terms of total numbers of individuals, animals are second only to ________.
bacteria
Longest animal in existence
nemertean
(ribbon worm to siya)
Tallest living animal
Giraffe
Giraffa camelopardalis
Most massive animal
Blue whale
Balaenoptera musculus
Largest blue whale on record is a __________.
female
Largest of all reptiles
Seismosaurus hallorum
(Earth-shaking lizard)
Largest animal ever to have walked on land.
Argentinosaurus
Sauropod dinosaur
Largest land animal today
Male Savannah Elephants
Largest land mammal ever was _______.
Baluchitherium
Longest confirmed lived animal
The ocean quahog
Arctica islandica
All animals are ____________ organisms; the __________ is the basic unit of life.
multicellular
cell
An organism can consist of one or more cells.
_________: solitary cell
_________: many cells
unicellular
multicellular
Most animal are motile, which means?
motile
they move around
only few animals are sessile, which means?
they don’t move around
Organisms that must eat organic molecules and then break them down for energy
Heterotrophs
Chemicals that are essential to keep the organism alive
nutrients
nutrients may be used as ________, or as an __________
building blocks
energy source
Nutrients are used as building blocks to make _______, _______, ________, _______.
CTSB
Cell
Tissue
Skeleton
Blood
Organisms also need an energy source to ____________ everything that an organism does.
power
Organisms that extract energy from sunlight or some other source to make organic molecules
Autotrophs
Most animals produce energy by ____________, which means?
Aerobic respiration
they need oxygen
Producing energy without the use of O2 is called _______.
Anaerobic respiration
Most animals store energy as ________ or _________.
Fats or oils
Most efficient way to store energy for active animals
Fats or Oils
Animals mostly reproduce both _________ and __________.
Sexually and Asexually
This kind of reproduction results to offsprings with exact copies or clones.
Asexual
A kind of reproduction where offsprings are a result unique combination of traits.
And involves a specialized sex cells: _______ and _______
Sexual
sperm and egg
What exactly is an animal?
(Give me 5)
- All animals are multicellular organisms
- Most animals have true tissues, organs, and organ systems.
- Most animals store extra energy as fats or oils.
- Most reproduce both sexually or asexually.
- Most animals have a head with distinct sense organs and some kind of brain.
Life cycle of frog
embryo > larva > adult
Life cycle of human
Embryo > fetus > juvenile > adult
Life cycle of butterfly
embryo > caterpillar(larva) > pupa > adult
Life cycle of fly
embryo > maggot(larva) > pupa > adult
Life cycle of clam
embryo > larva (glochidium) > adult
All organisms pass through a characteristic ________
life cycle
Most animals have outgrowths, processes, or appendages for _____________ (collecting food/for movement), such as
sensory functions
antennae
fins
legs
wings
tentacles
The life cycle often involves __________ of one free living form into another.
metamorphosis
An important tool for animal survival
Behavior
Behavior plays a major role in ________, ________, __________, and _________.
food gathering
social interactions
mating
care of young
All behavior has a genetic basis, the ___________.
Which means behavior can be ________, __________, and ________.
Darwinian Evolution
predictable
programmed
adaptive (reproduction advantage)
2 Types of Behavior
Instinctive or Learned
Instinctive behavior involves
taxes
reflexes
fixed action patterns
mimicry, camouflage
Learned behavior involves _____, _____, ____.
If social: ______, ______, etc.
imprinting
habituation
conditioning
if social:
courtship
reproductive
family
group
Most basic type of behavior
stimulus > response
__________ can be perceived by sensory organ or cell.
May be _______ or ________
Stimulus (stimuli)
internal or external
__________ behavior response to single stimulus by ________ organism.
Taxes
motile
__________ a behavior that is more complex but unlearned, unmodifiable response in organisms.
Reflexes
A behavior from simple to very complex.
These can be _________ or ________.
Learned behavior
learned or innate
Most unique chemicals produced by animals are a huge variety of _________.
venoms
What do you call when the most useful traits of animals are selected for and passed on, while harmful traits are eliminated.
Evolution by natural selection
