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Pelvic Pathology > Lesson 6 (Part 2) > Flashcards

Lesson 6 (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of a follicular cyst? (4)

A
  1. Anechoic
  2. Thin walled
  3. Posterior enhancement
  4. Measures equal or > 3cm
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2
Q

What is a follicular cyst also known as?

A

A simple cyst

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3
Q

Is a follicular cyst larger or smaller than a follicle?

A

Larger

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4
Q

Are follicular cysts usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

Unilateral

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5
Q

Are follicular cysts symptomatic or asymptomatic?

A

Asymptomatic

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6
Q

How are follicular cysts found on US?

A

Frequently incidentally

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7
Q

How do you resolve a follicular cysts?

A

On its own
- this is why most radiologists/Gyn do not choose to follow up if it is not 3cm or greater especially if its an asymptomatic patient

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8
Q

How do you get a corpus luteal cyst?

A

After ovulation Failure of absorption or excessive bleeding into corpus luteum

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9
Q

How large is a corpus luteal cyst?

A

4-5cm

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10
Q

What is more common follicular cysts of corpus luteal cysts?

A

Follicular cysts

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11
Q

What is more symptomatic follicular cysts of corpus luteal cysts?

A

Corpus luteal cysts

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12
Q

Are corpus luteal cysts unilateral or bilateral?

A

Unilateral

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13
Q

What are corpus luteal cysts more prone to? (2)

A
  1. Rupture

2. Hemorrhage

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14
Q

What is a major symptom of corpus luteal cysts?

A

Pain

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15
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for corpus luteal cysts?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

- if positive B-HCG and no intrauterine pregnancy seen

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16
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of corpus luteum? (7)

A
  1. Small
    - < 4cm
  2. Hypoechoic or isoechoic
  3. Cyst with low-level internal echoes
  4. Usually thicker walls than a follicle
  5. Crenulated appearance
    - fine edge
  6. Peripheral rim of colour
    - ring of fire
  7. Involutes before menstruation
17
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of corpus luteal cysts? (2)

A
  1. > 4cm

2. If hemorrhage differing US appearances due to variable appearance of blood

18
Q

What is the largest of the functional ovarian cysts?

A

The theca luteal cysts

19
Q

What are theca luteal cysts associated with?

A

High levels of hCG

20
Q

Where do theca luteal cysts mostly occur? (2)

A
  1. Gestational trophoblastic disease
  2. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
    - fertility complication
21
Q

Are theca luteal cysts unilateral or bilateral?

A

Bilateral

22
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of theca luteal cysts? (3)

A
  1. Bilateral
  2. Multilocular
    - looks like lots of different follicles within
  3. Large
23
Q

What are 4 complications for functional cysts?

A
  1. Hemorrhage
  2. Enlargement
  3. Rupture
  4. Torsion
24
Q

What is a symptom from complications from functional cysts?

A

Acute pain

25
Q

What can occur in functional cysts?

A

Internal haemorrhage

26
Q

What is the most common corpus luteal cysts?

A

Hemorrhagic cysts

27
Q

What is the fundamental characteristic of a cyst?

A

Posterior enhancement

28
Q

How can we tell the difference between a follicular or corpus luteal cyst undergoing hemorrhage?

A

We cant

29
Q

What is a symptom of hemorrhagic cysts?

A

Acute onset of pelvic pain

30
Q

What is the appearance of an Acute Hemorrhagic Cyst? (5)

A
  1. Hyper echoic
  2. May mimic a solid mass
  3. Smooth posterior wall
  4. Posterior acoustic enhancement
  5. Reticular
    - strands of blood
31
Q

Why are there so many different sonographic appearances of hemorrhagic cysts?

A

Appearance is based on the stage of clotting and blood changes as it ages
- anechoic (new blood)—> reticular pattern —> hyper echoic —> can come back to anechoic

32
Q

Does Colour Doppler help with diagnosis of a hemorrhagic cyst?

A

Yes

  • will show peripheral vascularity within the wall
  • clot can move and show colour
  • a cyst shouldn’t have an internal vascularity
33
Q

What could free fluid in the pelvis indicate?

A

Leaking or ruptures hemorrhagic cyst

34
Q

What are the differential diagnosis for a hemorrhagic cyst? (3)

A
  1. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
  2. Corpus luteal
  3. Endometrioma

Pelvic Pathology (21 decks)

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