Lesson 3 (Part 1) Flashcards
BCP
Birth control pill
What are the indications for using BCP? (3)
- Family planning
- PMS
- Dysmenorrhea
PMS
Premenstrual syndrom
Dysmenorrhea
Painful mestration
How do oral contraceptives work? (5)
- Initiating negative feedback inhibition of FSH and LH
- Suppress FSH and LH
- preventing ovulation - No corpus luteum to produce progesterone
- No change in cervical mucous
- Endometrium does not thickened and is unreceptive to implantation
What do minipills for birth control contain?
Progesterone
What are the different delivery systems of birth control? (4)
- Oral
- the pill - Hormone injections
- Depo - Transcutaneous
- skin patches - Hormone-containing implants under the skin
What are long term complications of using oral contraceptives? (2)
- Post pill amenorrhea
2. Infertility
What are complications of using oral contraceptives? (2)
- Benign liver adenoma
- may hemorrhage - Cholelithasis
- GB pathology
What are higher risk complications for using oral contraceptives? (3)
- Thromboembolus
- Cerebral vascular accident
- stroke - Hypertension
- increase risk if smoker or if have previous high BP
What are benefits when using oral contraceptives? (6)
- Decrease risk for ovarian cancer
- Decrease risk for endometrial cancer
- Decrease risk for ectopic pregnancy
- Decrease risk for anemia
- Decrease in Dysmenorrhea
- Decrease in functional ovarian cysts
IUCD
Intrauterine contraceptive device
- same as IUD
Where does the IUD go?
Inserted into the endometrium
- remains for months or years
What does the IUD trigger?
Foreign body reaction
- inflammatory response
- toxic to sperm and probably ova
What does the IUD prevent?
Fertilization
What are the different types of IUDs? (4)
- Copper T
- Copper 7
- Lippies Loop
- Safe-T-coil
What do copper paragards do?
They release copper contributes to induce an inflammatory reaction that helps prevent fertilization
What does mirena do? (2)
- Releases progesterone to thicken the cervical mucus which causes a barrier to the sperm
- Makes the lining of the uterus inhospitable to implantation
- preventing fertilization
Where is the IUD within the uterus?
In the superior aspect within the endometrium
- fundus
If the IUD is not within the endometrium, then were else could it be? (3)
- Too low in the lower uterine segment
- Perforated the myometrium
- In the adnexa
What is the sonographic appearance of an IUD? (2)
- Highly echogenic
- Some posterior shadowing
- copper is made of metal so therefore it has a more prominent shadow
What are some complications of an IUD? (6)
- Infection
- Perforation
- hole
- lots of shadowing - Malposition
- Incomplete removal
- Located in the adnexa/ pelvic region
- Pregnancy
What if US can not find the IUCD?
Pelvic X-ray will show the entire pelvic region
When can you take the IUD out if pregnant?
In the 1st trimester because it is seen the best
- cant see it in the 2nd and 3rd trimester
Perimenopause
Stage in a women’s reproductive life when the ovaries gradually produce less estrogen
How long does perimenopause last?
Up until menopause, when ovulation no longer occurs
- 12 months without menses
What is the average length of perimenopause?
4 years
- but can range from months to 10 years
When does perimenopause start?
Usually in women who are in their 40’s but can also start in their 30’s
Can premenopausal women still become pregnant?
Yes
