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Pelvic Pathology > Lesson 3 (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lesson 3 (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

BCP

A

Birth control pill

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2
Q

What are the indications for using BCP? (3)

A
  1. Family planning
  2. PMS
  3. Dysmenorrhea
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3
Q

PMS

A

Premenstrual syndrom

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4
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful mestration

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5
Q

How do oral contraceptives work? (5)

A
  1. Initiating negative feedback inhibition of FSH and LH
  2. Suppress FSH and LH
    - preventing ovulation
  3. No corpus luteum to produce progesterone
  4. No change in cervical mucous
  5. Endometrium does not thickened and is unreceptive to implantation
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6
Q

What do minipills for birth control contain?

A

Progesterone

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7
Q

What are the different delivery systems of birth control? (4)

A
  1. Oral
    - the pill
  2. Hormone injections
    - Depo
  3. Transcutaneous
    - skin patches
  4. Hormone-containing implants under the skin
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8
Q

What are long term complications of using oral contraceptives? (2)

A
  1. Post pill amenorrhea

2. Infertility

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9
Q

What are complications of using oral contraceptives? (2)

A
  1. Benign liver adenoma
    - may hemorrhage
  2. Cholelithasis
    - GB pathology
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10
Q

What are higher risk complications for using oral contraceptives? (3)

A
  1. Thromboembolus
  2. Cerebral vascular accident
    - stroke
  3. Hypertension
    - increase risk if smoker or if have previous high BP
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11
Q

What are benefits when using oral contraceptives? (6)

A
  1. Decrease risk for ovarian cancer
  2. Decrease risk for endometrial cancer
  3. Decrease risk for ectopic pregnancy
  4. Decrease risk for anemia
  5. Decrease in Dysmenorrhea
  6. Decrease in functional ovarian cysts
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12
Q

IUCD

A

Intrauterine contraceptive device

- same as IUD

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13
Q

Where does the IUD go?

A

Inserted into the endometrium

- remains for months or years

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14
Q

What does the IUD trigger?

A

Foreign body reaction

  • inflammatory response
  • toxic to sperm and probably ova
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15
Q

What does the IUD prevent?

A

Fertilization

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16
Q

What are the different types of IUDs? (4)

A
  1. Copper T
  2. Copper 7
  3. Lippies Loop
  4. Safe-T-coil
17
Q

What do copper paragards do?

A

They release copper contributes to induce an inflammatory reaction that helps prevent fertilization

18
Q

What does mirena do? (2)

A
  1. Releases progesterone to thicken the cervical mucus which causes a barrier to the sperm
  2. Makes the lining of the uterus inhospitable to implantation
    - preventing fertilization
19
Q

Where is the IUD within the uterus?

A

In the superior aspect within the endometrium

- fundus

20
Q

If the IUD is not within the endometrium, then were else could it be? (3)

A
  1. Too low in the lower uterine segment
  2. Perforated the myometrium
  3. In the adnexa
21
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of an IUD? (2)

A
  1. Highly echogenic
  2. Some posterior shadowing
    - copper is made of metal so therefore it has a more prominent shadow
22
Q

What are some complications of an IUD? (6)

A
  1. Infection
  2. Perforation
    - hole
    - lots of shadowing
  3. Malposition
  4. Incomplete removal
  5. Located in the adnexa/ pelvic region
  6. Pregnancy
23
Q

What if US can not find the IUCD?

A

Pelvic X-ray will show the entire pelvic region

24
Q

When can you take the IUD out if pregnant?

A

In the 1st trimester because it is seen the best

- cant see it in the 2nd and 3rd trimester

25
Q

Perimenopause

A

Stage in a women’s reproductive life when the ovaries gradually produce less estrogen

26
Q

How long does perimenopause last?

A

Up until menopause, when ovulation no longer occurs

- 12 months without menses

27
Q

What is the average length of perimenopause?

A

4 years

- but can range from months to 10 years

28
Q

When does perimenopause start?

A

Usually in women who are in their 40’s but can also start in their 30’s

29
Q

Can premenopausal women still become pregnant?

A

Yes

Pelvic Pathology (21 decks)

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