Lesson 2C Flashcards
How long is the rectum from the internal anal?
17-20cm
- 7-8 inches
What are the landmarks on the female pelvis for the rectum and sigmoid colon?
Approximately from the upper vaginal area and cervix along the posterior aspect of the uterus to the body/fundal junction
- beside the uterus
- below the vagina
Why is the recto sigmoid junction a bit of a grey area?
Because you dont actually see it
Where is the rectum located?
Posterior to the vagina, cervix and part of the uterus
What exams can you do to see the rectum? (2)
- Transabdominal
2. Transvaginal
What is the shape of the sigmoid colon?
S shaped
Where does the sigmoid colon normally begin?
Around the fundus of the uterus
What is the posterior pelvic muslce?
Iliopsoas
- psoas joins with the iliacus muscle
What 2 muscles make up the inferior pelvic muscles?
- Levator ani
- hammock - Coccygeus
What makes up the levator ani? (2)
- Pubococcygeus
2. Iliococcygeus
Which inferior pelvic muscle is more posterior?
Coccygeus
What are the 2 inferior lateral pelvic muscles?
- Obturator internis
2. Piriformis
Which inferior lateral pelvic muscle is more lateral?
Obturator internis
Which inferior lateral pelvic muscle is more posterior?
Piriformis
What can the piriformis be easily confused with on US?
An ovary
How do muscles appear on US?
Moderate echogenicity with echogenic striations
- seen within in long axis view
What can muscles be mistaken for within the pelvis? (2)
- Ovaries
2. Masses
How do you make sure to not mix up muscles, ovaries and masses?
Take images in 2 different planes
Perineum
Skin covered muscular region between vaginal orifice and anus
What is the shape of the perineum?
Diamond shape
Where does the perineum extend?
From the pubic symphysis anteriorly to the coccyx posteriorly
What are the lateral borders of the perineum?
Ischial tuberosity
Which muscle lies medial to the iliac crest?
Iliopsoas muscle
What structure helps to find the ovaries?
The broad ligament
