Lesson 2C

Question 1

How long is the rectum from the internal anal?

Answer 1

17-20cm

- 7-8 inches

Question 2

What are the landmarks on the female pelvis for the rectum and sigmoid colon?

Answer 2

Approximately from the upper vaginal area and cervix along the posterior aspect of the uterus to the body/fundal junction

• beside the uterus
• below the vagina

Question 3

Why is the recto sigmoid junction a bit of a grey area?

Answer 3

Because you dont actually see it

Question 4

Where is the rectum located?

Answer 4

Posterior to the vagina, cervix and part of the uterus

Question 5

What exams can you do to see the rectum? (2)

Answer 5

1. Transabdominal

2. Transvaginal

Question 6

What is the shape of the sigmoid colon?

Answer 6

S shaped

Question 7

Where does the sigmoid colon normally begin?

Answer 7

Around the fundus of the uterus

Question 8

What is the posterior pelvic muslce?

Answer 8

Iliopsoas

- psoas joins with the iliacus muscle

Question 9

What 2 muscles make up the inferior pelvic muscles?

Answer 9

1. Levator ani
   - hammock
2. Coccygeus

Question 10

What makes up the levator ani? (2)

Answer 10

1. Pubococcygeus

2. Iliococcygeus

Question 11

Which inferior pelvic muscle is more posterior?

Answer 11

Coccygeus

Question 12

What are the 2 inferior lateral pelvic muscles?

Answer 12

1. Obturator internis

2. Piriformis

Question 13

Which inferior lateral pelvic muscle is more lateral?

Answer 13

Obturator internis

Question 14

Which inferior lateral pelvic muscle is more posterior?

Answer 14

Piriformis

Question 15

What can the piriformis be easily confused with on US?

Answer 15

An ovary

Question 16

How do muscles appear on US?

Answer 16

Moderate echogenicity with echogenic striations

- seen within in long axis view

Question 17

What can muscles be mistaken for within the pelvis? (2)

Answer 17

1. Ovaries

2. Masses

Question 18

How do you make sure to not mix up muscles, ovaries and masses?

Answer 18

Take images in 2 different planes

Question 19

Perineum

Answer 19

Skin covered muscular region between vaginal orifice and anus

Question 20

What is the shape of the perineum?

Answer 20

Diamond shape

Question 21

Where does the perineum extend?

Answer 21

From the pubic symphysis anteriorly to the coccyx posteriorly

Question 22

What are the lateral borders of the perineum?

Answer 22

Ischial tuberosity

Question 23

Which muscle lies medial to the iliac crest?

Answer 23

Iliopsoas muscle

Question 24

What structure helps to find the ovaries?

Answer 24

The broad ligament