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Biology Yr9 > Lesson 6: Digestive enzymes > Flashcards

Lesson 6: Digestive enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes are large protein molecules with specific active sites that cataylse specific reactions, without being used up.

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2
Q

What is the enzyme, substrate and product for starch?

A

Enzyme: Amylase
Substrate: Starch
Product: Sugars ie glucose

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3
Q

What is the enzyme, substrate and product for protein?

A

Enzyme: Protease
Substrate: Protein
Product: Amino acids

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4
Q

What is the enzyme, substrate and prodcut for fats?

A

Enzyme: lipase
Substrate: lipids/ fats
Product: fatty acids and glycerol

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5
Q

What is the active site in an enzyme?

A

The specific part of the enzyme that a substrate can attach/ fit to.

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6
Q

Where is amylase produced?

A
  • Salivary glands
  • Small inestine
  • Pancreas
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7
Q

Where is protease produced?

A
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Pancreas
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8
Q

Where is lipase found?

A
  • Small intestine
  • Pancreas
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9
Q

What is the shape of the enzyme and substrate together known as?

A
  • Enzyme - substrate complex.
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10
Q

What do most enzymes end in?

A
  • ase
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11
Q

Why does temperature increase enzyme action?

A
  • Enzyme and substrate gain kinetic energy.
  • Collide more often
  • Rate of reaction increases
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12
Q

What is the temperature that gives the fastest rate of reaction known as?

A
  • Optimum Temperature
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13
Q

What does optimum temperature mean?

A
  • The temperature that gives fastest rate of reaction between substrate and enzyme as there is the maximum frequency of collisions between substrate and enzyme.
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14
Q

What happens when the temperature enzymes are in is too high?

A
  • Enzyme denatures
  • Active site breaks down
  • Chemical bonds broken
  • Substrate will no longer fit
  • Enzyme can longer catalyse the reaction.
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15
Q

What is meant by the term “denature?”

A
  • Denature means to change an enzyme’s active site shape.
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16
Q

What happens to the rate of reaction when there is an optimum pH?

A
  • FASTEST rate of reaction.
17
Q

Explain in full detail how PH affects enzymes.

A
  • If the PH is too high or too low it can interfere with bonds holding the enzyme together.
  • This causes the active site to change shape, denatures.
18
Q

What is created when an enzyme and substrate combine together?

A

Enzyme - substrate complex

19
Q

Where are enzymes involved in aerobic respiration found?

A
  • Found in mitochondria
20
Q

Name 3 processes that are catalysed by enzymes

A
  • Respiration
  • Digestion
  • photosynthesis
21
Q

Is it possible to kill enzymes?

A
  • No, they are not living

YOU CAN DENATURE THEM THOUGH.

22
Q

What codes for proteins in our body?

A
  • DNA codes for proteins.
23
Q

What are proteins used for?

A
  • Used for growth and repair

BECAUSE WE ALL GROW, WE ARE MADE UP OF PROTEINS

24
Q

What is actually breaking in the active site when an enzyme denatures?

A

The amino- acid bonds are breaking.

25
Q

What is an enzyme’s structure?

WHAT IS IT MADE FROM….

A

Made of long- chains of amino- acids (proteins), folded to form a specific 3D shape.

26
Q

Can one particular enzyme be used to catalyse several different reactions?

A

No - each enzyme catalyses a specific type of reaction

27
Q

What 3 main roles do enzymes have?

A

1.) Build large molecules from small ones
2.) Break down large molecules into small ones
3.) Change molecule into another.

28
Q

What 2 things are needed for a chemical reaction to take place?

COLLISION THEORY

A
  • Particles must collide
  • With sufficient amount of energy
29
Q

Give 4 uses of proteins in our body.

A
  • Muscle (protein fibres)
  • Hormones
  • Enzymes
  • Make up chromosomes
30
Q

What are proteins?

A
  • Long chains of amino acids
31
Q

How do enzymes behave at low temperatures?

A
  • Don’t have enough energy
  • Slow down rate of reaction
  • Reaction eventually stops.
32
Q

What is metabolism?

A
  • Metabolism is the sum of all reactions in a cell or in the body.
33
Q

Q.)

Give 3 factors that affect metabolism other than physical acitivity.

A

1.) Age
2.) Gender
3.) Genetics

34
Q

Q.)

(b) Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.

Explain how amylase breaks down starch. (3)

A
  • Amylase has active site SPECIFIC to starch.
  • Starch binds onto active site.
  • Starch bonds are broken down by amylase.
35
Q

What is the function of enzymes?

A

Enzymes convert food into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed by the bloodstream.

36
Q

What are proteins?
What are carbohydrates?
What are lipids?

A

P: long- chain of amino acids.
C: long- chain of simple sugars. ie. glucose.
L: A molecule of glycerol attached to 3 molecules of fatty acids

37
Q

Q.)

The Pupils left a testube, initially 0 degrees celcius, in a water bath for an extra 24 hours to reach 40 degrees.

What pH would you expect contents to be?
Why?

A
  • Strong acid
  • Enzyme isn’t denatured, still works at 40 degrees celcius.

Biology Yr9 (20 decks)

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