Lesson 6: Digestive enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are large protein molecules with specific active sites that cataylse specific reactions, without being used up.
What is the enzyme, substrate and product for starch?
Enzyme: Amylase
Substrate: Starch
Product: Sugars ie glucose
What is the enzyme, substrate and product for protein?
Enzyme: Protease
Substrate: Protein
Product: Amino acids
What is the enzyme, substrate and prodcut for fats?
Enzyme: lipase
Substrate: lipids/ fats
Product: fatty acids and glycerol
What is the active site in an enzyme?
The specific part of the enzyme that a substrate can attach/ fit to.
Where is amylase produced?
- Salivary glands
- Small inestine
- Pancreas
Where is protease produced?
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Pancreas
Where is lipase found?
- Small intestine
- Pancreas
What is the shape of the enzyme and substrate together known as?
- Enzyme - substrate complex.
What do most enzymes end in?
- ase
Why does temperature increase enzyme action?
- Enzyme and substrate gain kinetic energy.
- Collide more often
- Rate of reaction increases
What is the temperature that gives the fastest rate of reaction known as?
- Optimum Temperature
What does optimum temperature mean?
- The temperature that gives fastest rate of reaction between substrate and enzyme as there is the maximum frequency of collisions between substrate and enzyme.
What happens when the temperature enzymes are in is too high?
- Enzyme denatures
- Active site breaks down
- Chemical bonds broken
- Substrate will no longer fit
- Enzyme can longer catalyse the reaction.
What is meant by the term “denature?”
- Denature means to change an enzyme’s active site shape.
What happens to the rate of reaction when there is an optimum pH?
- FASTEST rate of reaction.
Explain in full detail how PH affects enzymes.
- If the PH is too high or too low it can interfere with bonds holding the enzyme together.
- This causes the active site to change shape, denatures.
What is created when an enzyme and substrate combine together?
Enzyme - substrate complex
Where are enzymes involved in aerobic respiration found?
- Found in mitochondria
Name 3 processes that are catalysed by enzymes
- Respiration
- Digestion
- photosynthesis
Is it possible to kill enzymes?
- No, they are not living
YOU CAN DENATURE THEM THOUGH.
What codes for proteins in our body?
- DNA codes for proteins.
What are proteins used for?
- Used for growth and repair
BECAUSE WE ALL GROW, WE ARE MADE UP OF PROTEINS
What is actually breaking in the active site when an enzyme denatures?
The amino- acid bonds are breaking.
What is an enzyme’s structure?
WHAT IS IT MADE FROM….
Made of long- chains of amino- acids (proteins), folded to form a specific 3D shape.
Can one particular enzyme be used to catalyse several different reactions?
No - each enzyme catalyses a specific type of reaction
What 3 main roles do enzymes have?
1.) Build large molecules from small ones
2.) Break down large molecules into small ones
3.) Change molecule into another.
What 2 things are needed for a chemical reaction to take place?
COLLISION THEORY
- Particles must collide
- With sufficient amount of energy
Give 4 uses of proteins in our body.
- Muscle (protein fibres)
- Hormones
- Enzymes
- Make up chromosomes
What are proteins?
- Long chains of amino acids
How do enzymes behave at low temperatures?
- Don’t have enough energy
- Slow down rate of reaction
- Reaction eventually stops.
What is metabolism?
- Metabolism is the sum of all reactions in a cell or in the body.
Q.)
Give 3 factors that affect metabolism other than physical acitivity.
1.) Age
2.) Gender
3.) Genetics
Q.)
(b) Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
Explain how amylase breaks down starch. (3)
- Amylase has active site SPECIFIC to starch.
- Starch binds onto active site.
- Starch bonds are broken down by amylase.
What is the function of enzymes?
Enzymes convert food into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed by the bloodstream.
What are proteins?
What are carbohydrates?
What are lipids?
P: long- chain of amino acids.
C: long- chain of simple sugars. ie. glucose.
L: A molecule of glycerol attached to 3 molecules of fatty acids
Q.)
The Pupils left a testube, initially 0 degrees celcius, in a water bath for an extra 24 hours to reach 40 degrees.
What pH would you expect contents to be?
Why?
- Strong acid
- Enzyme isn’t denatured, still works at 40 degrees celcius.
