Lesson 12 : Circulatory sysetm Flashcards
What do arteries do?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart to an organ. Arteries are typically oxygen-rich.
What do veins do?
Veins carry blood to the heart.
Veins are typically oxygen-poor.
What is transported by blood?
Glucose/ gases are transported by the blood.
What does blood transport?
Blood transports nutrients, hormones, and gases, thermal energy.
What is plasma?
- Plasma is the liquid part of the blood.
What three components is the blood made of?
- Plasma (liquid part: water, proteins, nutrients.)
- Cells (red blood cells, white blood cells.)
- Platelets - help your blood to clot.
What are capillaries and what happens at the capillary level?
- Arteries branch into small blood vessels called capillaries.
- Where gas exchange takes place.
- Oxygen is delivered to cells/tissues.
- Carbon dioxide is picked up and taken to the lungs.
What blood does the right side pump?
The right side pumps deoxygenated blood.
What blood does the left side pump?
The left side pumps oxygenated blood.
Where does the deoxygenated blood enter the heart to become oxygenated?
Deoxygenated blood enters the superior or the inferior vena cava.
Describe the path of deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Vena cava - Right Atrium - valve - Right Ventricle - Valve - Pulmonary Artery- lungs
Give a vein that carries oxygenated blood.
The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Give the artery that carries deoxygenated blood.
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood and takes it to the lungs where carbon dioxide can be removed and oxygen can be picked up.
After the blood has become oxygenated in the lungs, where does it go?
- Enters the pulmonary veins.
- Left atrium.
- Valve
- Left ventricle.
- Aortic valve.
- Aorta.
What is the aorta and what is its function?
The aorta is the major artery that carries oxygenated blood throughout the body.
What is the pulmonary circuit?
The pulmonary circuit is between the heart and lungs
What is the systemic circuit?
The systemic circuit is the circuit between the heart and the rest of the body.
What is the function and adaptation of arteries?
- Has thick muscular walls: withstands high pressure of blood.
- Thin Lumen so the blood can move quickly in a narrow space.
- Carry blood away from the heart (always oxygen-rich except the pulmonary artery.)
What are the 4 adaptations of the capillaries?
- Capillaries really close to cells to exchange substances.
- They have permeable walls.
- Only one cell thick increases diffusion by decreasing the distance that it occurs.
- Large surface area (to volume ratio.)
What is the function and adaptation of veins?
- Have thin walls.
- Larger passageways for blood (internal lumen.)
- Contain blood under low pressure.
- Have valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards.
What are blood vessels?
- Blood vessels circulate blood.
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
- Capillaries branch off from arteries and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Veins carry blood to the heart.
What are platelets bits of?
Platelets are bits of cytoplasm.
What are the atriums and ventricles separated by to prevent backflow?
- Atriums and ventricles are separated by valves to prevent backflow .
What provides the heart with oxygen and nutrients?
- The coronary arteries.
Why is the left side of the heart thicker?
- Needs to be stronger to provide strong contraction to pump blood around body.
What is the pacemaker in the heart?
- A group of nerve cells that control the resting heart rate.
What are artifical pacemakers?
Artifical pacemakers are electric devices that correct irregularities in resting heart rate.
Where is the pacemaker?
- In the right atrium.
TRUE OR FALSE
Blood is a tissue
True
It is a group of cells that carry out a particular function.
Why does the heart need its own blood supply?
- To supply oxygen to the organ so it can respire.
Q.)
1464ml of blood passed through artery in 4.5 minutes.
Calculate the rate of blood flow through artery in ml/ minute
1464ml/ 4.5 minutes =
325ml/ min
How are red blood cells adapted tp carry oxygen?
1.) Contains hemoglobin (binds to oxygen)
2.) Prokaryotic so there is space for hemoglobin.
3.) Very flexible to move through narrow vessels.
4.) Biconcave shape: large surface area, for diffusion of oxygen.
Q.)
Describe how a person can count the rate of beating of the left ventricle.
- Use heart monitor
What is the heart?
- The heart is an organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system.
Q.)
What condition can artificial pacemakers treat?
- Irregularities in the heart rate.
Where are red, white blood cells and platlets suspended in?
- They are suspended in the plasma.
What does the plasma carry?
1.) Carbon dioxide
2.) oxygen
3.) Urea
4.) Products of digestion
What is the white blood cells’s function and adaptation?
F: Form part of immune system (fight off disease) ie. making antibodies
A: Contains nucleus with DNA that encodes instructions for white blood cells to do their jobs.
