Lesson 20: Automatic control systems Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment. Creates optimum conditions for enzyme action throughout the body.
What does homeostasis include the control of?
blood glucose concntration- measures the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.
body temperature
water levels
What system are nervous responses coordinated by?
Nervous system.
What system are chemical responses coordinated by?
Endocrine system.
What are the three types of neurons?
Motor neurones, relay neurones, sensory neurones.
What is the function of a sensory neuron?
Sensory neurons carry electrical impulses from receptors to CNS.
What is the function of relay neurons?
Transmits electrical impulses from sensory to motor neurons.
What is the function of motor neurons
Motor neurons transmit information to an effector –> the effector can carry out a response so that the body remains in good conditions.
What are receptors?
A group of specialized cells that detect either internal/ external changes (stimulus)
Give two examples of a response triggered by an effector.
- Muscle contracting.
- Gland secreting hormones.
What is a reflex action?
An automatic, rapid response to a stimulus.
What is a stimulus?
A stimulus is a change in internal/ external environment that the body must react to. eg. Glucose concentration/ temperature of skin.
What are the different types of receptors in the body?
- Light receptors.
- Taste receptors.
- Chemical receptors.
- Sound receptors.
- Touch receptors.
What part of the body is bypassed in the reflex arc?
The brain is bypassed in the reflex arc.
What is an effector?
An effector is a muscle/ gland that carries out a particular response to a stimulus.
- Gland secreting hormone.
- Muscle contracting.
What moves across a synapse?
A chemical transmitter called a neurotransmitter diffuses across a synapse.
What is a neurotransmitter?
A neurotransmitter is a chemical involved in passing electrical impulses from one neuron to another.
What is the central nervous system (CNS?)
- Brain and spinal chord
What is the peripheral nervous system?
- Neurons that carry information to and from CNS.
