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Bacteriology & Mycology > Lesson 6: Clostridium species > Flashcards

Lesson 6: Clostridium species Flashcards

1
Q

this species has large wide rods which rarely form endospores in vitro & is motile

A

C. perfringens

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2
Q

medium sized rods which produces lemon shaped endospores

A

C. chauvoei

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3
Q

thin rods which characteristically produce terminal endosporesz\

A

C. tetani

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4
Q

specimen collection is from?

A

tissue or fluid sample from live or recently dead animals to prevent post mortem contamination.

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5
Q

detection & differentition use in clostridium species

A
  1. bacterial culture
  2. biochemical tests
  3. pcr techniques
  4. toxin neutralization
  5. immunoassay methods
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6
Q

what are the 2 neurotoxic clostridia

A
  1. C. tetani
  2. C. botulinum type A-G
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7
Q

what are 7 histotoxic clostridia

A
  1. C. chauvoei
  2. C. septicum
  3. C. novyi type A
  4. C. perfringens type A
  5. C. sordellii
  6. C. haemolyticum
  7. C. novyi type B
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8
Q

what are the 4 enteropathogenic & enterotoxemia-producing clostridia

A
  1. C. perfringens type A-E
  2. C. difficile
  3. C. colinium
  4. C. spiroforme
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9
Q

a neurotoxin type of clostridial infection, straight, slender, anaerobic, gram + rod w/ spherical imparts of a drumstick appearance

A

tetanus

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10
Q

tetanus can be killed in autoclaving at

A

121 degree celsius for 15 min

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11
Q

tetanus is haemolytic in blood agar because of this ______ that hasten the replication of the clostridial organisms in the tissue

A

tetanolysin

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12
Q

responsible for clinical signs of tetanus, antigenically uniform & can be neutralized by antibodies & can be neutralized by antibodies

A

tetanospasmin

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13
Q

infection occurs in tetanus when endospores are introduced into ______ from soil or faeces

A

traumatized tissue

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14
Q

spasm in masticatory muscle may lead to?

A

lockjaw

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15
Q

muscle stiffness may result in a ?

A

saw horse

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16
Q

how many incubation period for tetanus ?

A

5-10 days

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17
Q

in detection of tetanus what can you used ?

A
  1. PCR based detection of neurotoxin genes
    or
  2. Mouse inoculation (demonstration in serum)
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18
Q

what can be used in tx of tetanus

A
  1. Tetanus antitoxin (neutralized)’
  2. penicilllin
  3. wound debridement
  4. cleaning
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19
Q

control of tetanus?

A
  1. routine vaccination
  2. surgery debridement or antitoxin prophylaxis
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20
Q

an anaerobic gram+, produces oval, subterminal endospores. It’s a serious, potentially fatal intoxication acquired by ingestion of pre-formed neurotoxin that’s caused by C. botulinum

A

Botulism

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21
Q

what type of C. botulinum causes most outbreaks in domestic animals

A

C. botulinum C & D

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22
Q

theses species is resistant in botulism

A

pigs & dogs

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23
Q

botulism is rare in this species

A

cat

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24
Q

what are the clinical sign of botulism?

A
  1. dilated pupils
  2. dry mucous membrane
  3. decreased salivation
  4. tongue flaciditit
  5. dysphagia
  6. incoordination
  7. knuckling of fetlocks ff. by flaccid paralysis & recumbency
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25
paralysis of respiratoryu muscle leads to ?
abnormal breathing & death
26
body temperature remains normal but affected animals are
alert
27
Toxin detection in C. botulinum is thru?
ELISA or CHEMILUMINESCENT ASSAYS
28
what is the tx of botulism?
1. Polyvalent antiserum 2. Tetraethylamiden & guanidine hydrochloride
29
this enhances transmitter release at neuromuscular junction/good for nursing
2. Tetraethylamiden & guanidine hydrochloride
30
this is an acute disease of cattle 3 months old to 2 produces ***endogenous infection***
blackleg
31
in sheep black lefg occurs at any age but it produces?
***exogenous infection***
32
blackleg is caused by?
C. chauvoei
33
Caused of death in blackleg is ______ & _____ that is caused by replicating organisms
gangrenous cellulitis & myositis
34
what are the confirmatory method can be used in blackleg?
1. Fluorescent antibody technique 2. PCR technique
35
Type of clostridium species that causes malignant oedema?
C. septicum
36
type of clostridum species that causes gas gangrene?
C. perfringens type A
37
in rams infection in head wounds caused by fighting is termed as _____ manifested by oedematous swelling of subcutaneous tissue of the head, neck & cranial thorax
big head
38
Abomasitis of sheep, caused by the exotoxins of C. septicum that occur in winter during period of heavy frost or snow
Braxy
39
also known as black disease that relates to the dark discoloration of the skin observed at post mortem examination. Affect sheep occasionally cattle.
Infectious necrotizing hepatitis
40
this can replicated in the tissue & produce exotoxins that causes hepatic necrosis
C. novyi type B
41
hepatic necrosis is associated w/ ?
acute fasciolosis
42
use in demostrating C. novyi type B
Fluorescent antibody technique
43
is an endogenous infection occur primarily in cattle, occasionally in sheep, is a major clinical feature of disease that is a consequence of extensive red cell desruction.
Bacillary haemoglobinuria
44
bacillary haemoglobinuria is caused by ?
C. haemolyticum
45
what is the toxin in C. haemolyticum that is a phospholipase produced by vegatative cells that causes intravascular haemolysis in addition to hepatic necrosis
a toxin
46
bacillary haemoglobinuria can be demonstrated by?
Fluorescent antibody technique
47
caused by C. perfringens type B w/ up to 30% high mortality rates
Lamb dysentery
48
B. toxins is extremely sensitive to ________ but in the absence of proteolytic activity it retains potency & produces disease
trypsin digestion
49
In lamb dysentery this toxin require proteolysis via trypsin for activation
E-toxin
50
occurs in sheep. Predisposing factor is overeating of ***high grain diet*** , ingestion of food leads to carry over of partially digested food from the rumen into the intestine leading to it's high starch content in partially digested food.
Pulp kidney disease
51
pulp kidney disease is caused by?
C. perfringens type D
52
this occurs in adult sheep, occurs at pasture & manifest as sudden death & some may be found in terminal convulsions.
Struck
53
struck is caused by ?
C. perfringens type C
54
this is implicated in enteritis in quails, chicken, turkey, pheasant & goose. Moratlity rate is up to 100% in quail & less than 10% chicken
infecttion w/ C. colinum
55
this can affect the entire litters w/ mortality rate of 80%, the infections is acquired from the sows feces & is caused by C. perringens type C
Haemorrhagic enteritis in piglets
56
this can affects broiler at 12 weeks of age; it's an acute enterotoxemia characterized by the sudden onset & high mortality
necrotic entiritis of chicken
57
necrotic entiritis of chicken is caused by?
is caused by C. perfringens type A & less frequently by type C.
58
what is the newly identofied toxins, that is now considered to be an important virulence factor of necrotic enteritis strains.
NetB toxins
59
in necrotic enteritis chicken this toxin is lesser of importance but it's capable of inducing a protective immune response
A toxin
60
what is the diagnostic procedure use in necrotic enteritis of chicken that is caused by C. perfringens type A
1. clinical signs & post mortem 2. direct smears 3. bacterial culture 4. pcr genotyping
61
what toxin neutralization is used in necrotic enteritis of chicken?
mouse & guinea pig inoculation
62
tx & control of necrotic enteritis of chicken
1. hyperimmune serum 2. antibiotic therapy 3. vaccination
63
infection w/ clostridium difficle that's reported in dogs causes?
chronic diarrhea
64
infection w/ clostridium difficle that's reported in newborn foals causes?
hemorrhagic entericolitis
65
infection w/ clostridium difficle produces 2 toxins that acts by inactivating low molecular weight GPT binding molecules that leads to disruption of cytoskeleton
1. a toxin (enterotoxin) 2. b toxin (potent cytotoxin)
66
diagnosis in infection w/ clostridium difficle is thru?
feces via ELISA
67
is a clostridial organism w/ atypical coiled morphology; has been implicated in spontaneous & antibiotic-induced enteritis in rabbits
infection w/ C. spiroformed
68
this disease has not been cultured in artificial media & grows only in tissue culture or in fertile eggs. Formerly known as Bacillus pilliformis; result in severe hepatic necrosis occurs in mice & other laboratory animals.
Tyzzers disease
69
tyzzers disease is caused by?
clostridium pilliforme
70
diagnosis of tyzzers disease can be in?
warthin-starry silver imoregnation technique

Bacteriology & Mycology (17 decks)

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