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Bacteriology & Mycology > Lesson 6: Clostridium species > Flashcards

Lesson 6: Clostridium species Flashcards

1
Q

this species has large wide rods which rarely form endospores in vitro & is motile

A

C. perfringens

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2
Q

medium sized rods which produces lemon shaped endospores

A

C. chauvoei

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3
Q

thin rods which characteristically produce terminal endosporesz\

A

C. tetani

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4
Q

specimen collection is from?

A

tissue or fluid sample from live or recently dead animals to prevent post mortem contamination.

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5
Q

detection & differentition use in clostridium species

A
  1. bacterial culture
  2. biochemical tests
  3. pcr techniques
  4. toxin neutralization
  5. immunoassay methods
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6
Q

what are the 2 neurotoxic clostridia

A
  1. C. tetani
  2. C. botulinum type A-G
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7
Q

what are 7 histotoxic clostridia

A
  1. C. chauvoei
  2. C. septicum
  3. C. novyi type A
  4. C. perfringens type A
  5. C. sordellii
  6. C. haemolyticum
  7. C. novyi type B
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8
Q

what are the 4 enteropathogenic & enterotoxemia-producing clostridia

A
  1. C. perfringens type A-E
  2. C. difficile
  3. C. colinium
  4. C. spiroforme
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9
Q

a neurotoxin type of clostridial infection, straight, slender, anaerobic, gram + rod w/ spherical imparts of a drumstick appearance

A

tetanus

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10
Q

tetanus can be killed in autoclaving at

A

121 degree celsius for 15 min

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11
Q

tetanus is haemolytic in blood agar because of this ______ that hasten the replication of the clostridial organisms in the tissue

A

tetanolysin

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12
Q

responsible for clinical signs of tetanus, antigenically uniform & can be neutralized by antibodies & can be neutralized by antibodies

A

tetanospasmin

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13
Q

infection occurs in tetanus when endospores are introduced into ______ from soil or faeces

A

traumatized tissue

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14
Q

spasm in masticatory muscle may lead to?

A

lockjaw

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15
Q

muscle stiffness may result in a ?

A

saw horse

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16
Q

how many incubation period for tetanus ?

A

5-10 days

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17
Q

in detection of tetanus what can you used ?

A
  1. PCR based detection of neurotoxin genes
    or
  2. Mouse inoculation (demonstration in serum)
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18
Q

what can be used in tx of tetanus

A
  1. Tetanus antitoxin (neutralized)’
  2. penicilllin
  3. wound debridement
  4. cleaning
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19
Q

control of tetanus?

A
  1. routine vaccination
  2. surgery debridement or antitoxin prophylaxis
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20
Q

an anaerobic gram+, produces oval, subterminal endospores. It’s a serious, potentially fatal intoxication acquired by ingestion of pre-formed neurotoxin that’s caused by C. botulinum

A

Botulism

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21
Q

what type of C. botulinum causes most outbreaks in domestic animals

A

C. botulinum C & D

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22
Q

theses species is resistant in botulism

A

pigs & dogs

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23
Q

botulism is rare in this species

A

cat

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24
Q

what are the clinical sign of botulism?

A
  1. dilated pupils
  2. dry mucous membrane
  3. decreased salivation
  4. tongue flaciditit
  5. dysphagia
  6. incoordination
  7. knuckling of fetlocks ff. by flaccid paralysis & recumbency
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25
Q

paralysis of respiratoryu muscle leads to ?

A

abnormal breathing & death

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26
Q

body temperature remains normal but affected animals are

A

alert

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27
Q

Toxin detection in C. botulinum is thru?

A

ELISA or CHEMILUMINESCENT ASSAYS

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28
Q

what is the tx of botulism?

A
  1. Polyvalent antiserum
  2. Tetraethylamiden & guanidine hydrochloride
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29
Q

this enhances transmitter release at neuromuscular junction/good for nursing

A
  1. Tetraethylamiden & guanidine hydrochloride
30
Q

this is an acute disease of cattle 3 months old to 2 produces endogenous infection

A

blackleg

31
Q

in sheep black lefg occurs at any age but it produces?

A

exogenous infection

32
Q

blackleg is caused by?

A

C. chauvoei

33
Q

Caused of death in blackleg is ______ & _____ that is caused by replicating organisms

A

gangrenous cellulitis & myositis

34
Q

what are the confirmatory method can be used in blackleg?

A
  1. Fluorescent antibody technique
  2. PCR technique
35
Q

Type of clostridium species that causes malignant oedema?

A

C. septicum

36
Q

type of clostridum species that causes gas gangrene?

A

C. perfringens type A

37
Q

in rams infection in head wounds caused by fighting is termed as _____ manifested by oedematous swelling of subcutaneous tissue of the head, neck & cranial thorax

A

big head

38
Q

Abomasitis of sheep, caused by the exotoxins of C. septicum that occur in winter during period of heavy frost or snow

A

Braxy

39
Q

also known as black disease that relates to the dark discoloration of the skin observed at post mortem examination. Affect sheep occasionally cattle.

A

Infectious necrotizing hepatitis

40
Q

this can replicated in the tissue & produce exotoxins that causes hepatic necrosis

A

C. novyi type B

41
Q

hepatic necrosis is associated w/ ?

A

acute fasciolosis

42
Q

use in demostrating C. novyi type B

A

Fluorescent antibody technique

43
Q

is an endogenous infection occur primarily in cattle, occasionally in sheep, is a major clinical feature of disease that is a consequence of extensive red cell desruction.

A

Bacillary haemoglobinuria

44
Q

bacillary haemoglobinuria is caused by ?

A

C. haemolyticum

45
Q

what is the toxin in C. haemolyticum that is a phospholipase produced by vegatative cells that causes intravascular haemolysis in addition to hepatic necrosis

A

a toxin

46
Q

bacillary haemoglobinuria can be demonstrated by?

A

Fluorescent antibody technique

47
Q

caused by C. perfringens type B w/ up to 30% high mortality rates

A

Lamb dysentery

48
Q

B. toxins is extremely sensitive to ________ but in the absence of proteolytic activity it retains potency & produces disease

A

trypsin digestion

49
Q

In lamb dysentery this toxin require proteolysis via trypsin for activation

A

E-toxin

50
Q

occurs in sheep. Predisposing factor is overeating of high grain diet , ingestion of food leads to carry over of partially digested food from the rumen into the intestine leading to it’s high starch content in partially digested food.

A

Pulp kidney disease

51
Q

pulp kidney disease is caused by?

A

C. perfringens type D

52
Q

this occurs in adult sheep, occurs at pasture & manifest as sudden death & some may be found in terminal convulsions.

A

Struck

53
Q

struck is caused by ?

A

C. perfringens type C

54
Q

this is implicated in enteritis in quails, chicken, turkey, pheasant & goose. Moratlity rate is up to 100% in quail & less than 10% chicken

A

infecttion w/ C. colinum

55
Q

this can affect the entire litters w/ mortality rate of 80%, the infections is acquired from the sows feces & is caused by C. perringens type C

A

Haemorrhagic enteritis in piglets

56
Q

this can affects broiler at 12 weeks of age; it’s an acute enterotoxemia characterized by the sudden onset & high mortality

A

necrotic entiritis of chicken

57
Q

necrotic entiritis of chicken is caused by?

A

is caused by C. perfringens type A & less frequently by type C.

58
Q

what is the newly identofied toxins, that is now considered to be an important virulence factor of necrotic enteritis strains.

A

NetB toxins

59
Q

in necrotic enteritis chicken this toxin is lesser of importance but it’s capable of inducing a protective immune response

A

A toxin

60
Q

what is the diagnostic procedure use in necrotic enteritis of chicken that is caused by C. perfringens type A

A
  1. clinical signs & post mortem
  2. direct smears
  3. bacterial culture
  4. pcr genotyping
61
Q

what toxin neutralization is used in necrotic enteritis of chicken?

A

mouse & guinea pig inoculation

62
Q

tx & control of necrotic enteritis of chicken

A
  1. hyperimmune serum
  2. antibiotic therapy
  3. vaccination
63
Q

infection w/ clostridium difficle that’s reported in dogs causes?

A

chronic diarrhea

64
Q

infection w/ clostridium difficle that’s reported in newborn foals causes?

A

hemorrhagic entericolitis

65
Q

infection w/ clostridium difficle produces 2 toxins that acts by inactivating low molecular weight GPT binding molecules that leads to disruption of cytoskeleton

A
  1. a toxin (enterotoxin)
  2. b toxin (potent cytotoxin)
66
Q

diagnosis in infection w/ clostridium difficle is thru?

A

feces via ELISA

67
Q

is a clostridial organism w/ atypical coiled morphology; has been implicated in spontaneous & antibiotic-induced enteritis in rabbits

A

infection w/ C. spiroformed

68
Q

this disease has not been cultured in artificial media & grows only in tissue culture or in fertile eggs. Formerly known as Bacillus pilliformis; result in severe hepatic necrosis occurs in mice & other laboratory animals.

A

Tyzzers disease

69
Q

tyzzers disease is caused by?

A

clostridium pilliforme

70
Q

diagnosis of tyzzers disease can be in?

A

warthin-starry silver imoregnation technique

Bacteriology & Mycology (17 decks)

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