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Microbiology Professor Berg > Lesson 5: Eukaryotic Diversity, Microbial Diversity And Symbiosis > Flashcards

Lesson 5: Eukaryotic Diversity, Microbial Diversity And Symbiosis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Single celled colonial eukaryote other than fungus

A

Protist

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2
Q

Protists that are single-celled heterotrophs

A

Protozoa

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3
Q
  • eumycota, metazoa, microsporidians, chanoflagelletes

- presence of unpaired Flagella (reproductive cells have single flagellum)

A

Opisthokonts

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4
Q
  • amoeba
  • slime molds
  • Rhizarians (have thin filaments pseudopods that extends from an inorganic shell called a “test”
A

Amoebazoa (branch near opisthokonts)

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5
Q

have thin filamentous pseudopods that extends from and inorganic shell called a “test”

A

Rhizarians

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6
Q

Algae evolved by engulfing _________

A

Phototrophs

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7
Q

Chloroplast evolved from engulfed_________.

A

Cyanobacterium

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8
Q

Primary endosymbiont…

A

Green algae (chlorophytes) and red algae (rhodopytes)

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9
Q

Secondary endosymbiont…

A

Includes charophyte algae

  • nucleomorph
  • includes kelps and diatoms
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10
Q

Ciliates, dinoflagellates, and apicomplexans

A

Alveolates

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11
Q

Oomycetes, diatoms, and kelps

A

Stramenopiles (Heterokonts)

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12
Q

-stramenopiles, alveolate, Rhizarians

A

SAR clade

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13
Q

Discoba (euglenas and trypanosomes), metamonada (their mitochondria have lost their genomes and have generated into a mitocell) ex: Giardia

A

Excavata

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14
Q

What is mycology?

A

Study of fungi

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15
Q

Fungi absorption nutrition…

A
  • Chemohetrotrophs
  • sparophytes (acquire nutrients from dead organic materials by releasing and science to digest)
  • osmotrophs
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16
Q

Unique characteristics of fungi in the cell wall and plasma membrane

A
  • chitin in cell wall

- estrosteral in PM (analogous to cholesterol found in animal cells)

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17
Q

Relationship between fungus and cyanobacteria or fungus and algae

A

Lichen

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18
Q

Diseases caused by fungi

A

Mycoses

Most come from accidental contact with soil, water, or dust

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19
Q

____% of crops are consumed by fungi

A

40

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20
Q

Reproductive mold spores are called?

A

Conidia

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21
Q

Fungal cell wall…

A
  • glucan
  • Mannan
  • glycoproteins
  • chitin (strong flexible flexible nitrogen containing polysaccharide consisting of n-acetyl glucosamine
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22
Q

Fungi that are often yeast-like at 37°C (body temperature), and mold like at room temperature

A

Dimorphism in fungi

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23
Q

How do you fungi reproduce?

A
  • sexual (haploid and diploid)

- asexual (mitosis, budding, and fragmentation)

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24
Q

Arthrocondida (arthrospores)-

Condidiospores-

A

Fragmenting hyphae

Not contained in a sack, produced at tips or sides of the hyphae

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25
Q

Three phases of the sexual cycle in fungi

A
  • plasmogamy- cytoplasmic fusion. Results with a cell with two nuclei (called a dikaryotic cell) two haploid nuclei, at this point mitosis may occur several times
  • karyogamy- The two nuclei fuse. This produces a true diploid zygote,
  • meiosis, to yield haploid spores to start the lifecycle again
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26
Q

-simple, free living, saprophytic or parasitic forms (responsible for large scale amphibian mortality)
-motile, flagellated zoospores that form cysts in a poor environment
-sexual and asexual reproduction
Alternatively, the diploid mycelium undergoes muses to form a haploid mycelium that produces motile gametes

A

Chytridiomycota

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27
Q
  • saprophytes
  • coenocytic hyphea with many haploid nuclei
  • asexual 5Ariel dispersal) and sexual (produce hormones when environmental conditions are not favorable, causes hyphae to produce gametes that will eventually fuse forming the zygote
A

Zygomycetes

28
Q
  • includes (Rhizopus stolonifer) AKA black bread mold
  • mucor
  • industrial importance
  • infections often develop in face and head area
A

Zygomycete

29
Q
  • critical ecological importance, they are the Symbiant seen with vascular plants
  • aseptate hyphae with large multi nucleated spores
  • only asexual reproduction (fragmentation of filaments)
A

Glomeromycota

30
Q
  • AKA sac fungi
  • most common type to infect humans***
  • largest group of fungi (includes yeast in molds mostly but also lichens, morels, truffles and cap fungi
  • free living, terrestrial and pathogenic forms
  • used to make cheese, antibiotics, causes allergies
A

Ascomycota

31
Q

Most common superficial infection and invasive disease in
immunocompromise people. 50 to 100% mortality
Widely distributed and almost impossible to avoid inhaling

A

Asprigillus spp.

32
Q
  • Parasite in rye

- ergotism due to LSD in fungus

A

Claviceps purpurea

33
Q

Causes white nose syndrome in bats and is rapid and deadly

A

Psuedogymnoascus destructans

34
Q
  • Can be transmitted horizontally

- 10% of bloodstream infections, 50% mortality

A

Candidiasis

35
Q

Infection of the penis from yeast

A

Balanits

36
Q

Candida infection of the Subcutaneous tissue of the fingers toes and nails

A

Paronychia and onychomycosis

37
Q

Breaks down keratinized tissue

A

Dermatomycoses

Ex: tinea versicolor

38
Q

Aka as ringworm

A

Tinea corporis

39
Q

Athletes foot

A

Tinea pedis

40
Q

AKA jock itch, fungal infection in the groin area

A

Tinea Curtis

41
Q

Fungal infection of the nail bed

A

Tinea unguium

42
Q

Fungal infection of the beard, common in rural areas and get it from farm animals

A

Tinea barbae

43
Q

Infection of the scalp causes hair loss information and scaling seen mostly in children and animals
UV lamp is used to visualize (Wood lamp skin examination)

A

Tinea capitis

44
Q

AKA club fungi

  • diverse group of mushrooms, toadstools, bracket fungi, ruts as much
  • bird nest fungi
A

Basidiomycota

45
Q

-causes severe mushroom poisoning

A

Amanita phalloides

46
Q

Multi million dollar business of mushrooms

A

Agaricus campestris

47
Q

Important human and animal pathogen, it causes issues with the lungs and central nervous system. And people it grows as a large budding yeast

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

48
Q

Usually only found in immunocompromise host. It is almost diagnostic for aids. And 80% of HIV positive patients

A

Pheumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

49
Q
  • English by fine pseudopodia, branched, simple, connecting
  • axopodia- Filipodia supported by microtubules that protrude from the axoplast
  • primarily used for feeding
  • includes radiolaeians and foraminiferans
A

Supergroup Rhizaria

50
Q
  • unicellular marine organisms
  • Glass like exoskeletons (tests)
  • nearby by endocytosis using mucous coated Philopodia to entrap their prey
A

Radiolarans

51
Q

— thread like pseudopodia arranged in branching networks

  • May harbor endosymbiont algae
  • tests arranged in multiple chambers (calcium carbonate)
  • the only eukaryote that can reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas
A

Foraminifera

52
Q

Have chloroplast that spiral around the cytoplasm

A

Spirogyra

53
Q

Heterokonts include

A
  • diatoms (most common phytoplankton)
  • coccolithophores
  • brown algae (kelp)
54
Q

They produce 40 to 50% of organic ocean carbon

A

Diatoms

55
Q

Diverse group
Include ciliatates, dinoflagalettes, and ampiconplecians
-all have plastids
-alveoli (flatbed vacuole)

A

Aveolates

56
Q

Has two nuclei

Contractile vacuole, tentacles to attack prey

A

Ciliates

57
Q
  • Major producers second to diatoms in the marine environment
  • cellulose plates
  • 2 flagella one for locomotion and one as a groove in its plates
A

Aveolates:Dinoflagellates

Ex: red tides (Karenia brevis)
Pfiesteria piscicida

58
Q
  • nonmotile parasites of animals transmitted through vectors
  • Contains enzymes that enable cells to digest their way into the host cells
  • needs two hosts
A

Aveolates: apicomplexans

Ex: plasmodium, toxoplasma

59
Q

Paired flagella of this similar form one shorter with hairs

A

Herterkonta

60
Q
  • One of the worlds most widely distributed parasites. Cats are a definitive host, third leading cause of death due to for foodborne illness in US
  • fecal-oral transmission
  • in large lymph nodes, asymptomatic, muscle aches, might cause schizophrenia
A

Toxoplasma gondii

61
Q

-most are harmless Symbiants
-anaerobic metabolism
What are the exceptions?

A

Metamonads

Giardia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosomes

62
Q

Common curable STD

A

Trichomaniasis

63
Q
  • flagella or undulating membrane
  • commonly found in freshwater
  • some have an eye spot and preynoids
A

Supergroup excavata: euglenozoa

Kinetoplastids- trypanosomes AKA Chagas’ disease

64
Q

Organisms require an element to build into cells example is carbon dioxide fixation and nitrogen fixation

A

Assimilation

65
Q

Breaking down organic nutrients to in organic minerals

A

Dissimilation

66
Q

One organism is harmed without intimate association with the other

A

Amensalism

67
Q

When beneficial properties are so essential

A

Holobiont

Ex terminates and Bactria i their gut

Microbiology Professor Berg (16 decks)

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